Midterm 1

Question 1

What is meant when animal welfare is a mandated science?

Answer 1

This means that society orders or commissions for research to be done to explore concerns or make recommendations about how animals should be cared for.
Driven by the needs and beliefs of society.

Question 2

What are some recent examples of animal welfare topics that demonstrate “mandated science”

Answer 2

Transportation of livestock animals
- 2 day old baby calves in trucks from Minnesota to new Mexico (19 hour trip)
- public concern for possible diseases because immune system has not fully developed yet

Question 3

What is considered a major catalyst for the emergence of the field of animal welfare science?

Answer 3

Changing values amongst humans

Question 4

Who is known for saying the famous quote “The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judges by the way its animals are treated”

Answer 4

Gandi

Question 5

Jeremy Betham’s ethics had profound implication for the proper treatment of animals. As he describes, human ethical behavior towards animals required consideration of what important factor?

Answer 5

If animals can experience pain and/or suffer

Question 6

Hogarth’s series of paintings depicting “The Four States of Cruelty” and the downfall of “Tom Nerro” aimed to emphasized what?

Answer 6

The heartless treatment towards animals goes in hand with harm to people
- tom starts becoming more and more cruel because the treatment starts to become accepted

Question 7

Pythagoras and his followers would most likely put that animal at the top of their “Pyramid of Concern?”
Dos, Cow, Orangutan

Answer 7

All of them

Question 8

What is Pythagora’s belief about animals?

Answer 8

All animals have equal value and deserve equal concern

Question 9

What is the main reason pythagoreans would give for arranging the animals on their pyramid this way?

Answer 9

Kinship

Question 10

Define kinship

Answer 10

Believe that animals share a soul like humans

Question 11

Who made it their mission to demonstrate that animals show evidence of rationally at the time when many philosophers were stating that animals were not rational beings

Answer 11

Plutarch

Question 11

What are the name of the book that Ruth Harrison wrote in 1964 that introduced the public to the extreme turn towards industrialism that Ag took in the late 19- early 20th century

Answer 11

Animal Machines

Question 11

The romantics, as they talked baout our relationship with animals, would have been expressing a more modern version of “kinship” concept which originated during ancient greece

Answer 11

True

Question 11

What committee created the five freedoms

Answer 11

brambell committee

Question 12

a belief that “life can be made better by the rational application of science… and hence prosperity can be increased by improving on the process of unaided nature” would most likely have come from a ______ view

Answer 12

industrial

Question 13

What is Romanticism in art?

Answer 13

Animals are the focus of the art (two cows head-butting)

Question 14

Out of the 4 modes discussed in class. Industrialism is the primary mode of thought and application when it comes to modern day agriculture

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The brambell committee was made up of what kind of people

Answer 15

agriculturalist and scientists

Question 16

Regan claims that animals have inherent value only because they are

Answer 16

experiencing subjects of life

Question 17

telos refers to

Answer 17

the nature of the animal

Question 18

One way a cats owner could enhance the telos of their animal would be to

Answer 18

ensure they have lots of scratch posts and high resting places to sleep throughout the house ( accommodating their need to scratch + desire to be elevated

Question 19

If an animal is health and productive its welfare is always high

Answer 19

false

Question 20

the reason the land pyramid is important aspect of leopold’s land ethic is because

Answer 20

It demonstrates how each biotic layer depends on the function of layers below it

Question 21

Rollin would say that organic pasture raised dairy cows have a high welfare than cows in an intensive indoor housing system even though they may be at greater risk of parasite infection

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Peter Singer emphasizes the need for equal consideration of interests of both human and non-human animals. What similar interest does he strongly emphasize the most?

Answer 22

capacity to experience pain and suffering

Question 23

To accommodate the telos of a domesticated animals, we must strive to achieve, as close as possible, the same experiences as their wild ancestors

Answer 23

false

Question 24

In the mid 1900s the wolves of Yellowstone were hunted to the point of localized extinction. Following the removal, what happened to the biodiversity

Answer 24

The entire food web was affected causing some areas of biodiversity to decrease and others to grow rapidly.

Question 25

What species would be a member at the TOP level of Leopold’s Land Pyramid? Termite, moose, beaver, raccoon, mountain lion

Answer 25

Mountain lion (carnivore)

Question 26

According to Singer, Speciesism is

Answer 26

The willing to treat the interests of ones own species as more important than the interests of other species

Question 27

a chicken that lays one egg per day has a better welfare than a chicken that lays an egg every 4 days

Answer 27

flase

Question 28

what is mandated science

Answer 28

a science controlled by society’s/demands and ever changing beliefs about how certain topics should be regulated/ can be based off the scientific findings that contribute a response from the government, but most pressure is from society

Question 29

What are the 5 freedoms?

Answer 29

1. Freedom from hunger and thirst
2. Freedom from discomfort
3. Freedom from pain, injury, or disease
4. Freedom to express normal behavior
5. freedom from fear and distress

Question 30

Did Aristotle believe animals had logos?

Answer 30

” Aristotle… concluded that although humans and animals share many characteristics such as perception and emotion, humans alone have the capacity for logos or reason,”

Question 31

Ancient Greece Ideas: Debate about how animals ought to be viewed/ treated

Answer 31

1. Humans and animal share the same breath, live on the same land, and so should be regarded equally
2. Animals are not able to enter into a contract with humans to “do no hard” (not kill each other) so therefore humans don’t need to have that much concern for animals

Question 32

18th/19th century Europe Ideas: More focus on human virtue and moral progress than on animal itself

Answer 32

1. Cruelty to animals can be explained by a lack of moral character in humans
2. Animals deserve our moral concern because they can feel pain and distress
3. The right way of treating animals is the way that results in the best outcome for all involved (human and animal)

Question 33

Why did pythagoreans (students of teachings of Pythagorus) reject the killing of animals for food or religious sacrifice?

Answer 33

They felt a strong kinship towards animals: being made of the same elements, breathing the same air, etc. They believe that the reincarnated could could live in both animals and man

Question 34

What are the 4 modes of thoughts in western culture

Answer 34

Pastoralism, Agrarianism, Romanticism, Industrialism

Question 35

What is pastoralism?

Answer 35

Animals are not equal to man, but not mere objects either; recognized humans as dominant, utilize animals for humans purposes ( goat herders? )

Question 36

What is Agrariansm?

Answer 36

rural, family farms, settled land, production of food for the family and urban community’s
- animals were seen as “part of the family”
-very Ag based

Question 37

What is romanticism?

Answer 37

Animals became the subject of artwork rather than just an accessory to humans
animals are capable of feeling/emotion; focused on emotion

Question 38

What is Industrialism?

Answer 38

efficiency, productivity, integrating technology/ mechanics, profitability

Question 39

According to Regan, with regard to animal agriculture, the goal of the animal rights movement should be:

Answer 39

Abolish animal ag

Question 40

Regan key points

Answer 40

1. Non-human animals are subjects of life”
2. Animals being conscious, preferring things and expecting things, experiencing all demotions of life including pain and pleasure has a life that matters to them
3. The value of an individual should be independant of its usefulness to you
4. Failure to respect others independent value is to act immorally and is a violation of their rights

Question 41

Regan claims that ______ and that utilitarianism ____

Answer 41

a good end cannot justify an evil means; cannot explain why this is no

Question 42

Regan claims that his animal rights view is ultimately rooted in

Answer 42

reason and emotion

Question 43

Reagan claims that all who have inherent value have it equally

Answer 43

true

Question 44

animals can and will inflect personal harm on themselves in the pursuit of telos

Answer 44

true

Question 45

bernard rollins views most aligned with this philiosopher

Answer 45

aristotle

Question 47

Rollin would fundamentally agree with philosophies of singer regarding human responsibility towards animals

Answer 47

false