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psych 250 > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

pathways that conduct info to the primary visual cortex

A

streams

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2
Q

responsible for visual info/executing movements

A

dorsal stream

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3
Q

where does the dorsal stream travel

A

it flows from the primary visual cortex to the dorsal and posterior cortex

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4
Q

responsible for the perception (shape, color, faces) of objects

A

Ventral stream

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5
Q

The electrical impulse that travels to one axon to another (axon to axon communication)

A

Action potential

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6
Q

the temporary decrease of a neurons membrane potential

A

Hyperpolarization

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7
Q

the temporary increase of a neurons membrane potential

A

Depolarization

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8
Q

proteins that use ATP to transport sodium and potassium ions across the membrane

A

sodium-potassium pump

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9
Q

What is the formula for the sodium potassium pump?

A

3 sodium in, 2 potassium out

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10
Q

the steady state of a cell

A

Resting Membrane Potential

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11
Q

the direction pointing down towards the feet

A

Caudal

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12
Q

the direction pointing towards the forehead

A

Rostral

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13
Q

the front

A

Ventral

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14
Q

the back

A

dorsal

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15
Q

What is “Coronal” also reffered as?

A

the frontal plane

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16
Q

What is the coronal?

A

the frontal plane that divides the brain into front and back

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17
Q

Anterior

A

front

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18
Q

Prosterior

A

back

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19
Q

What is “Sagittal” reffered as

A

the vertical plane

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20
Q

the vertical plane that divides the brain into left and right sides

A

sagittal

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21
Q

divides the brain into a superior and inferior portion

A

Horizontal

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22
Q

Neuroscience

A

“The scientific study of the brain and nervous system, in health and in disease.”
It’s an interdisciplinary field including psychology, biology, chemistry, mathematics, etc”

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23
Q

Rationalism

A

Pursuit of the truth through reason.

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24
Q

Empiricism

A

pursuit of the truth through observation and measurement with emphasis on
experimentation.

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25
Q

Distal

A

Far from. Genes are distal to behavior.

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26
Q

Proximal

A

Close to. Anatomy is proximal to behavior

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27
Q

Galvani

A

An early scientist/empiricist who discovered behavior is a result of electrical impulse,
not pneumatics within the body. He first found this out by electrically stimulating the
muscle fibers of frogs and noticing movement.

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28
Q

Muller

A

Observed that electrical signals are differentiated by their pathways which allows
electrical signals to be used for motor function, sensation, etc.

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29
Q

Flourens

A

The first to use ablation, the surgical cutting or destruction of brain tissue, using
animal brains to determine what parts of the brain do what in a basic manner by
removing brain sections. Early ablation was not very precise but modern ablation uses
heat and chemicals for greater precision.

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30
Q

Broca

A

The first person to be credited with making the relationship between human brain
structure and human function. He discovered the function of a section of the brain
responsible in part for language pronunciation that is now known as Broca’s Area

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31
Q

Fritz and Hitzig

A

Used electrical impulses to examine brain function and what parts of the brain
do what without damaging or removing parts of the brain like Flourens did.

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32
Q

Neurotransmitters are released from one neuron to another at the…

A

synapse

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33
Q

What are neurotransmitters triggered by?

A

action potential

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34
Q

involved in emotion, memory, motivation, and behavior regulation

A

Limbic System

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35
Q

the conversion of light energy into electrical action potential to be interpreted by the brain

A

Visual pathway

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36
Q

responsible for our voluntary movements

A

Basal ganglia

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37
Q

What is the CN VII nerve?

A

It is the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve)

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38
Q

What is the job of the facial nerve?

A

it is in charge of your facial expressions and sense of taste

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39
Q

What is the CN V nerve?

A

It is the trigeminal nerve (the fifth nerve) that regulates sensations in your face, taste, cheeks, and jaw movements

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40
Q

What is the CN X nerve

A

It is the Vagus nerve (the tenth nerve) that is responsible for your heart rate and digestion

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41
Q

What do cranial nerves do?

A

they play a role in sensations and your motor skill

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42
Q

What does PET scan stand for?

A

Post Emission Tomography

43
Q

What is the role of a PET scan?

A

they capture the structure of the brain/ body using glucose

44
Q

What does a CT scan stand for?

A

Computerized Tomography

45
Q

What is a CT scan?

A

An imagery technique that is used to reveal the brain’s anatomy

46
Q

What does fMRI scan stand for?

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

47
Q

What is an fMRI scan?

A

A neuroimaging technique that captures the brains activity

48
Q

What does MRi stand for?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

49
Q

What does an MRI scan do?

A

It captures static images of the brain/its structure

50
Q

Prozac affects…

A

serotonin

51
Q

Cocaine affects…

A

Dopamine

52
Q

Where does REM sleep take place?

A

the pons

53
Q

When neurotransmitters are released at the synapse…

A

it binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell

54
Q

What do neurotransmitters generate after this?

A

they generate an electrical signal

55
Q

Which one of these is a NT?

A

Acetylcholine

56
Q

What is the role of Acetylchlorine?

A

it is responsible for movement, autonomic function, arousal, learning, and memory.

57
Q

Where can you find Acetylcholine?

A

outside the cell, and located at the neuromuscular junction, preganglionic autonomic synapses, parasympathetic synapses, hippocampus, amygdala, and the septum

58
Q

What does Reserpine affect?

A

it affects norepinephrine

59
Q

Agonist is…

A

a drug/chemical that binds to a specific receptor and activates it

60
Q

it binds to receptors of the brain and block the effects of an agonist

A

An antagonist

61
Q

How do agonist and antagonist correlate to each other?

A

Agonist is like the kid who tries to throw the basketball in the hoop, and the Antagonist is the one who blocks their shot.

62
Q

Where does saltatory Conduction take place?

A

in the myelinated axons

63
Q

What is the function of Saltatory Conduction?

A

it is the way that an electrical impulse skips from one node to another down the full length of an axon.

64
Q

What is another word for Saltatory Conduction?

A

Node-to-node conduction.

65
Q

Where does axon to axon communication take place?

A

it takes place in the synapses which generates action potential.

66
Q

What does ESPS stand for?

A

Excitatory PostSynaptic Potential

67
Q

What is the role of ESPS?

A

it makes the postsynaptic nuerons more likely to fire an action potential

68
Q

What example does ESPS play in axon to axon communication (AP)?

A

Its like your teammate making you more likely to make the shot in a basketball game

69
Q

What does ISPS stand for?

A

inhibitory PostSynaptic Potential

70
Q

What is the role of ISPS?

A

it makes the postsynaptic nuerons less likely to fire an action potential

71
Q

Name an example of ISPS in axon to axon communication

A

A bully who makes it less likely to make the shot in a basketball game

72
Q

What another neurotransmitter?

A

Monoamines

73
Q

What is the role of Monoamies?

A

responsible for decision making, emotional response, happiness, depression, and reward response.

74
Q

What do Monoamines consist of

A

Catecholamines and Indoleamines

75
Q

When you’re feeling depressed on the freeway, or feel like you deserve something special for getting an A, this is caused by your…

A

Monoamines

76
Q

What is organization in psychology?

A

various structured components that interact to preform one or more functions

77
Q

Dopamine pathway systems are…

A

involved in physiological and behavioral processes

78
Q

What do the functions of Dopamine Pathway Systems also include…

A

thinking, cognition, pleasure from rewards, and neuroendocrine control

79
Q

What did Fritz and Hitzig discover in psychology?

A

hey discovered electrical stimulation

80
Q

What did Joanne Muller contribute to psychology?

A

they created the Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energy

81
Q

What role did Paul Broca play in psychology?

A

they discovered the center of the brain, Broca’s Area, and speech function

82
Q

What is the role of Broca’s Area?

A

it regulates the speech function and producing language

83
Q

Where is Broca’s Area located?

A

In the frontal lobe in the far-left part of the brain. (the center brain

84
Q

What did Florens contribute to psychology?

A

they promoted the removal of tissue and the ablation technique

85
Q

Name the right order of Visual Pathway Steps

A
  1. eyes capture light signals 2. eyes convert light into electrical signals 3. electrical signals travel along the optic nerve 4. it activates the thalamus 5. this activates the occipital lobe 6. it activates the parietal and temporal lobe
86
Q

What’s an example of axon to axon communication?

A

Giving energy to your friend through conversation

87
Q

The facial expression you make after seeing a funny scene on a movie is regulated by your…

A

CN VII

88
Q

The jaw movements you make while eating are because of your…

A

CN V

89
Q

The weird sensation in your cheeks are caused by your…

A

CN V

90
Q

The sensation in your face is caused by your…

A

CN V

91
Q

The digestion of your sexy Big Mac is caused by your…

A

CN X

92
Q

The increase in your heart rate when you see Michael B. Jordan is because of your…

A

CN X

93
Q

Your pants is pointing all the way down to your feet. This is an example of the ________ direction.

A

Caudal

94
Q

You point at Megamind’s huge forehead. This is an example of the _________ direction.

A

Rostral

95
Q

You point towards Megan The Stallions fat, juicy ass. This is an example of the __________ side of her body.

A

Dorsal

96
Q

You point towards The Weeknd’s hairy ass bear chest. This is an example of the __________ of his body

A

Ventral

97
Q

Slicing the brain into the front and back is the function of the…

A

coronal (frontal plane)

98
Q

Slicing the brain into two equal left and right halves is the job of the…

A

sagittal (verticle plane)

99
Q

Slicing the brain into its superior and inferior parts is the job of the…

A

horizontal plane

100
Q

What brain scan uses Neuroimaging techniques to study the brain?

A

an fMri scan

101
Q

What brain scan uses an imagery technique to study the brain?

A

a CT scan

102
Q

What brain scan uses static images to study the brain?

A

an MRI scan

103
Q

____ sodium in. ___ potassium out

A

3, 2

104
Q

Your remember your ex’s smell all of a sudden and get sad. These two functions are caused by the

A

Limbic system

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