Midterm 1 Flashcards
Analytics
Information collection, integration, and analysis
Modern Buisness Analytics
Data-Driven, Math heavy, computerized
SciVis
Scientific Visualization
InfoVis
Information Visualization
VAST
Visual analytics science and technology
Which data type falls under visualizations
Homogenous data type/ well-structured data
Which data type falls under visual analytics
Heterogenous data types/ messy data
Purpose of visualizations
Specific tasks related to the understanding of data
Purpose of visual analytics
focuses on gaining insights by combining the understanding of data from different perspectives
Cognition
Memory, reasoning, encoding
External cognition
external artifacts that help/amplify cognition
Benefits of Interactive Visualization
- Less effort
- Enhanced recognition
- Shifting level of cognition
- More resources
1 Dimensional data types
List, menu items
2 dimensional data types
table, spread sheet
3 dimensional data ttpes
3D Models
Multi-dimensional data types
User profiles
Temporal data type
stock price
tree data type
documents on a flash drive
network data type
facebook friends
text data type
online document
categorical data types
gender, race, eye color
Eye
a sensor to capture external stimuli
Brain
A machine to store and process capture information
True or false the brain has limited cognitive capacities
True
Visual Illusion
The result of interpretations of the retina image by our brain influenced by prior knowledge and experience
Visual Perception
Based on sampled visual information
How do we decide what to “see”?
Task relevance, decision making process is optimized and hardwired in our brain
Visual Search
Hardwired or learned interpretation of visual images
What is our brain better at noticing, differences in luminance of absolute value of luminance?
Difference in luminance
Consequences in Visualization
Errors in reading quantitative measures reflected in images, sensitive to object rendering, edge enhancement
True or False: Color can be affected by surrounding colors
True
Opponent Process Theory
Information from different types of sensors is processed to deliver perceived color and luminance
What two types of photoreceptors are on the retina?
Cone and Rods
Three type of Cone Receptors
short, middle, and long wavelength
True or False: Black and White is the easiest for people
True
True or false: background colors should be less saturated
True
True or false: Small areas of interest should be highly saturated color
True
Four Color Theorem
Try to use only four unique colors
What are the four unique hues?
Red
Green
Yellow
Blue
What are the six basic colors?
Black
White
Red
Green
Yellow
Blue
Color Keys
Ordering colors according to their luminance
True or false: Color cannot change meaning depending on the culture
false
Visual Perception
Based on sampled visual information on a need-to-know basis
Example of physical action in optimization of resource allocation
Head movement
Example of cognitive action in optimization of resource allocation
Relying on working memory to retain visual images
what is the brain better at catching changes in luminance or absolute value of luminance?
changes in luminance
Pop-out effect
quick, eye-catching
What are the prominent pop-out channels?
- Form (orientation/size)
– Color
– Simple motion/blinking
– Spatial, stereo depth, shading, position
Pop-out Conjunctions
– Color and motion
– Color and position
– Shape and position
Visibility enhancement should always be…
Asymmetric
Gestalt Laws
- Proximity
– Similarity
– Continuity
– Symmetry
– Closure
– Relative Size
– Figure and Ground
What are the spatial perception types of cues?
pictorial Cues, Non-pictorial Cues
Occlusion
Objects closer to us occlude
those farther away.
Aerial haze
Distant objects are blurrier.
Motion Parallax
Different retina images due to the movement of the viewpoint.
Binocular disparity
Different retina images on left and right eyes.
