Midterm 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Asobi
A
- Definition: “play”
- An important concept where play is often seen as a way to relax, relieve stress, and foster creativity
- Growing preference for play realities over real realities
1
Q
Liminal
A
- Occupying a position at, or on both sides of, a boundary or threshold
2
Q
Transnational
A
- Operating or extending across national boundaries
3
Q
Heian Era
A
- 794 - 1185
- Indigenization of Buddhism, modification of writing system, flowering of indigenous Japanese culture
- Leisure and “play” were very important
- Steady decline of political and economic power of aristocracy which lead to the rise of the samurai class
4
Q
Meiji Era
A
- 1868 - 1912
- Westernization, Modernization, Industrialization, and Urbanization
- Respect the Emperor and Expel the Barbarians
- Self Orientalizing: tactic use for national and individual benefit
5
Q
Taisho Period
A
- 1912 - 1926
- Rise to the print media
- An increase in woman in the workforce
- Clear distinction between work and play
- End of Taisho due to an increase state control and militarization
6
Q
Heisei Period
A
- 1989 - 2019
- Definition: achieving peace
- Period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Emeritus Akihito
7
Q
Moe
A
- A slang for an affective response to fictional character
- Feeling of affection, adoration, devotion, and excitment
8
Q
Reiwa Era
A
- Began 2019 and is the current era
- Definition: Order and Harmony
9
Q
Genji
A
- Tale of Genji
- Written by Murasaki Shikibu
- World’s first “psychological novel”
- Influence on Japanese “high” culture: literature, theatre, painting
10
Q
Onnagata
A
- Male portraying the ideal version of femininity
- Premise is that they are more feminine than a real woman
- Reached their height of power in the early 1800s
- Depicted as something only males can perform with the perception of the male under female kabuki role that made it enjoyable
11
Q
Kata
A
- Definition: form/style
- In kabuki, several specific styles are applied to acting and are known as kata
12
Q
Manzai
A
- Origins in Heian period
- Became part of entertainment in the Edo period
- More popular in Meiji period
- Follows the Boke (the idiot) & the tsukkomi (the straight-laced) duo
13
Q
Visual Kei
A
- Focuses on performance and aesthetics rather than a particular type of music
- Earn majority of their music income through live performance
- Carry their onstage persona into their personal lives
- The term onnagata is used commonly in the visual scene
- Allow for a significant playful performance of queerness within all of its lives
- Challenges the normative order in both heterosexual- and homo- based narratives
14
Q
Rakugo
A
- Traditional Japanese art of storytelling
- Unique form of storytelling that includes comic acting and mimicry as well as the art of narration
- Began to flourish in Japan in the Edo period
- Kabuki playing a significant role in the development of rakugo
15
Q
Shojo
A
- Definition: “young girl”
- Juvenile existence prior to the adoption of adult femininity
16
Q
Kabuki
A
- First appeared in 1603 but became associated with prostitution and seen as immoral
- By 1629, woman were prohibited from appearing in kabuki
- Became associated with onnagata
17
Q
Cosplay
A
- Combination of the words “costume” and “role-play”
- The four basic components of cosplay are: cosplayer, social setting, fictional character, and dress
- Judge based on accuracy and authenticity
- Safe, supportive social structure
17
Q
Takarazuka
A
- All female musical theatre group that play both male and female role on stage
- Female performers who specializes in male roles are called otokoyaku
- Exemplary female who can successfully portray both genders without being constrained by either
18
Q
Japonisme
A
- Cultural hybridization
- Meiji Period
19
Q
Orientalism
A
- Critical model that is often applied to the study of Japan
- The approach through colonial paternalism and feminization of the subject
20
Q
Edo Period and Bakumatsu
A
- Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)
- “Play” oriented
- Consumption of playful entertainments became a symbol of well-being and financial success
- Creation of an urban leisure class
- Bakumatsu: end of the era (1853-1868), decline of the shogunate after the arrival of the Black Ships from America
21
Q
Nihonjinron
A
- Positioning Japan as a unique and unknowable entity
- The discourse that developed in post-war Japan positing that Japan is a unique, pure, and exclusive culture unknowable to non-Japanese
22
Q
Wakashu
A
- Young boys start playing female roles
- In 1652, Wakashu prohibited emergence of Onnagata
23
Genroku Period
- 1688 -1703
- High point of Edo culture
- Kabuki and Bunraku puppet theatre are most representative of the arts
24
Bunraku
- Japanese traditional puppet theatre
25
Androgeny
- Possibility for both erasure and exaggeration
- Can indicate both more sexuality and an erasure of sexuality/asexuality
26
Joso
Dressing as a woman
27
Cross-dressing
- Common mainstream media in Japan
- Cross dressing allows for a questioning of "natural" societal norms
28
Queer
Having or relating to a gender identity or as a sexuality that does not fit society's traditional ideas about gender or sexuality
29
Hybridity
Anything derived from heterogenous sources, or composed of different or incongruous elements
30
Characteristics of Visual Kei
- Aggressive metal punk combined with melodic classical passages
- Masculine sound (mental & punk) with feminine (classical & pop) performance
- Guitar based
- Transgressive = gothic feminine (roses and candles)
- Strong connection between music and visual elements (ie: English lyrics and western setting)
- Visual and gender fragmentation (hybrid visual image)
31
Cosplayer
- Anyone who expresses his or her freedom and passion for a character by dressing and acting similar to that character
- Extraordinary level of dedication and commitment to the depiction of a chose character
32
AKB48
- Japanese all female idol group
- Heavily criticized due to fan culture and idol relationship
- Idols you can meet: handshake session
- constant exposure across media platform
33
Fandom
- Fans have been repositioned more positively as a creative consumer of media
- Had a negative connotation prior to repositioning
- Consume mass culture
34
Otaku
- Antisocial and introverted geek (a mildly negative connotation)
- Committed fan "in search of intensified meanings and pleasures"
35
Idol
- An object of desire, a fantasy or ideal construct which resonates with deep affective of emotional meaning
- Dependent on fan support through interaction and recognition
- Core of Japanese media due to their ability to attract the attention of audiences
36
Jimusho
- Definition: Agencies
- Creates and circulates idol's image
- Importance of image to ad industry
37
Cool Japan
- Japanese conservative policy makers wanted to strengthen national identity and traditional values
- Established and designed to expand Japan's impact on foreign markets through pop culture products
38
Arashi
- A band of of 5 members
- A big success from mid 2000
- Chosen to become leader of national tourism
- Promotion of Japan
39
Sports
- Connected to the media by the creation of markets in a consumer culture through advertising
40
Professional Wrestling (Sumo)
- One of the most popular sports on 1950s TV
- Japanese national sport
- Gained prominence in Edo period
- No women in the ring
41
Baseball
- High school baseball
- Dream of Koshien (National High School Baseball)
42
Hanashiki
- Rakugo storyteller
43
Yose
- Rakugo storytelling theatre
44
Hiki
- Financial patrons
45
Moga
- A modern girl
46
Maid Cafe
- First appeared in Akihabara in the late 1990s
- Evolved from dating simulation games
- A network of support in an era of economic decline and familial and group alienation
- Creation of a sense of community
- Enjoy playing across the boundary between fiction/fantasy and reality
47
Rank these time period in order and name the year:
Edo, Reiwa, Heian, Heisei, Meiji, Taisho
- Heian (794 - 1185)
- Edo (1603-1868)
- Meiji (1868 - 1912)
- Taisho (1912 -1926)
- Heist (1989 - 2019)
- Reiwa (2019 - now)
48
3/11
- March 11, 2011
- An undersea earthquake occurred in the Pacific Ocean that caused a tsunami
- The Great East Japan Earthquake
49
Post Bubble
- 1990s
- High growth
- Life of luxury
- Capitalism (trends to make money)
50
Nanshoku
- Male love
- A big role in the development of Onnagata
- Highly regarded practice
