Midterm 1

Question 1

Switching a patient on intravenous fluids from 0.9% saline (isotonic) to pure water (hypotonic) would cause which of the following?
a. no change in flux of water between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
b. net flux of water into the extracelullar compartments, causing body cells to shrink
c. net flux of water out of the plasma into the interstitial space, causing edema
d. net flux of water into the intracellular compartments, causing body cells to expand

Answer 1

d. net flux of water into the intracellular compartments, causing body cells to expand

Question 2

ADH/AVP release is triggered by:
a. hypervolemia
b. increased plasma salt
c. hypertension
d. increased baroreceptor firing
e. hypotonic extraceullar fluid

Answer 2

b. increased plasma salt

Question 3

Kwashiorkor is a form of protein undernutrition that causes which of the following?
a. diarrhea
b. edema
c. hypohydration
d. water intoxication

Answer 3

b. edema

Question 4

Monitoring you body weight before and after a 5 mile run reflected loss/gain of which of the following?
a. lean mass
b. fat weight
c. water weight
d. muscle weight
e. bone composition

Answer 4

c. water weight

Question 5

For every ATP hydrolyzed by the Na+, K+ ATPase:
a. 3 Na+ are transported into ECF while 2 K+ are released into the cytosol
b. 2 Na+ are transported into the ECF while 3 K+ are released into the cytosol
c. 3 Na+ are transported into the ECF while 2 K+ are released outside the cell
d. 2 Na+ are transported into ECF while 3 K+ are released into the blood
e. 2 Na+ are transported into ECF while 3 K+ are released into the interstitial

Answer 5

a. 3 Na+ are transported into ECF while 2 K+ are released into the cytosol

Question 6

Which ion controls total body water and plasma osmolarity?
a. choride
b. magnesium
c. phosphorous
d. potassium
e. sodium

Answer 6

e. sodium

Question 7

T/F: Most of the sodium consumed by Americans in a day comes from manufacturing and processing foods

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Electrolyte ion balance is primarily controlled by which of the following?
a. excretion in the breath
b. reabsorption in the kidney
c. absorption by the small intestine
d. excretion in the feces
e. sweating

Answer 8

b. reabsorption in the kidney

Question 9

Which of the following events occurs during salt deficit/hyponatremia?
a. aquaporins excrete water into renal collecting tubules
b. juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin
c. vasculature secretes natriuretic peptides
d. hypothalamus secretes arginine vasopressin
e. baroreceptors in cardiac vessels are suppressed

Answer 9

b. juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin

Question 10

The natriuretic peptides serve to reduce secretion of which of the following?
a. renin
b. sodium
c. water
d. potassium
e. albumim

Answer 10

a. renin

Question 11

Vitamins A and D can alter gene expression by binding which of the following DNA transcription factor domains?
a. ligand binding
b. transactivation
c. DNA binding
d. RNA binding
e. protein interaction

Answer 11

a. ligand binding

Question 12

Which of the following is classified as an RNA binding protein?
a. Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)
b. Iron Regulatory Protein (IRP)
c. Metal Transcription Factor-1 (MTF-1)
d. Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain (PHD)
e. Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS)

Answer 12

b. Iron Regulatory Protein (IRP)

Question 13

In healthy persons, the majority of iron is located where in the body?

Answer 13

Erythrocytes

Question 14

Body iron homeostasis is controlled by which of the following?
a. fecal losses
b. intracellular storage
c. renal excretion
d. dietary intake
e. intestinal absorption

Answer 14

e. intestinal absorption

Question 15

Once taken up, iron can be transported out of cell by which of the following?
a. hephaestin
b. ceruloplasmin
c. transferrin
d. divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)
e. ferroportin

Answer 15

e. ferroportin