Midterm #1

Question 1

What is health at the wellness end of the continuum?

Answer 1

Health is the dominant state

Question 2

What is health at the illness end of the continuum?

Answer 2

Injury, symptoms and disability are the dominant state

Question 3

What is health psychology?

Answer 3

Understanding psychological influences on HOW people stay healthy, WHY they become ill and how they respond when they get sick

Question 4

Example of a health psychologist

Answer 4

A health psychologist may look at why people continue to smoke despite the known risks

Question 5

What do health psychologists focus on?

Answer 5

• Understanding the behavioural factors involved in health
• finding effective theory and methods to change behaviours to reduce risks and OPTIMIZE health
• Helping people maintain health and manage disease
• health behaviours are KEY

Question 6

How did the view of mind- body relationships change over time?

Answer 6

In the early times, the mind and body were considered a unit. they believed disease arose when evil spirits entered the body

Question 7

How did they heal disease in early cultures?

Answer 7

Trephination (drilling hole in skull)

Question 8

How did the greeks identify the roles of bodily functioning in health and illness?

Answer 8

blood, black biles, yellow bile, phlegm

Question 9

How was illness attributed in the middle ages?

Answer 9

To the supernatural ex: as god’s punishment for evil-doing

Question 10

What is the average life Expectancy in Canada?

Answer 10

81 years for males & 85 years for females

Question 11

What are the main health problems and causes of death in Canada & other developed countries

Answer 11

Chronic Disease

Question 12

What was the mind-body question view from the 13th century?

Answer 12

St Thomas Aquinas: mind and body are INTERRELATED

Question 13

What was the mind-body question from the 17th century

Answer 13

Rene Descartes: mind and body are separate; though they communicate through the pineal gland

Question 14

What is the biomedical model

Answer 14

• Mind and body are separate
• Disease is physical and separate from the processes of the mind
• Remains the dominant view in medicine today
• All disease and physical disorders can be explained by disturbances in physiological
  processes from injuries, imbalances and infections

Question 15

Who presented the psychoanalytic contributions?

Answer 15

Freud

Question 16

What is Conversion Hysteria?

Answer 16

some patients had physical symptoms but no detectable organic disorder

Question 17

What are the psychoanalytic contributions?

Answer 17

• Unconscious conflicts produce physical disturbances that symbolize the represses psychological conflict
  -Shift in perception
  -lead to psychosomatic medicine

Question 18

What is Psychosomatic medicine?

Answer 18

• field formed in the 1930’s
• links patterns of personality to specific illnesses
• Anxiety takes a physical toll on the body through the autonomic nervous system,
  eventually causing an actual physical problem
• Frustrated dependency - repressed emotions - anxiety - increased secretion of stomach
  acid - erodes stomach lining and produces ulcers
• Does not mean a person’s symptoms are imaginary, both the mind and the body are
  involved !!

Question 19

What are the current views of the mind-body relationship?

Answer 19

• all conditions of health and illness are influences by psychological and social environment
• physical health is intertwines with one’s environment

Question 20

What is staying well & healthy determined by?

Answer 20

good health habits, which are for the most part under one’s control, and by social factors such as culture, SES, stress, where you live, availability of health resources, and social support.

Question 21

What is the original bisopsychosocial model (BPS)?

Answer 21

• BPS Model was proposed by Engel (1980), a physician who recognized the role of psychological and social factors in illness and health, and that each of the factors affect
  one another