Midterm #1 Flashcards
What is health at the wellness end of the continuum?
Health is the dominant state
What is health at the illness end of the continuum?
Injury, symptoms and disability are the dominant state
What is health psychology?
Understanding psychological influences on HOW people stay healthy, WHY they become ill and how they respond when they get sick
Example of a health psychologist
A health psychologist may look at why people continue to smoke despite the known risks
What do health psychologists focus on?
- Understanding the behavioural factors involved in health
- finding effective theory and methods to change behaviours to reduce risks and OPTIMIZE health
- Helping people maintain health and manage disease
- health behaviours are KEY
How did the view of mind- body relationships change over time?
In the early times, the mind and body were considered a unit. they believed disease arose when evil spirits entered the body
How did they heal disease in early cultures?
Trephination (drilling hole in skull)
How did the greeks identify the roles of bodily functioning in health and illness?
blood, black biles, yellow bile, phlegm
How was illness attributed in the middle ages?
To the supernatural ex: as god’s punishment for evil-doing
What is the average life Expectancy in Canada?
81 years for males & 85 years for females
What are the main health problems and causes of death in Canada & other developed countries
Chronic Disease
What was the mind-body question view from the 13th century?
St Thomas Aquinas: mind and body are INTERRELATED
What was the mind-body question from the 17th century
Rene Descartes: mind and body are separate; though they communicate through the pineal gland
What is the biomedical model
- Mind and body are separate
- Disease is physical and separate from the processes of the mind
- Remains the dominant view in medicine today
- All disease and physical disorders can be explained by disturbances in physiological
processes from injuries, imbalances and infections
Who presented the psychoanalytic contributions?
Freud
What is Conversion Hysteria?
some patients had physical symptoms but no detectable organic disorder
What are the psychoanalytic contributions?
- Unconscious conflicts produce physical disturbances that symbolize the represses psychological conflict
-Shift in perception
-lead to psychosomatic medicine
What is Psychosomatic medicine?
- field formed in the 1930’s
- links patterns of personality to specific illnesses
- Anxiety takes a physical toll on the body through the autonomic nervous system,
eventually causing an actual physical problem - Frustrated dependency - repressed emotions - anxiety - increased secretion of stomach
acid - erodes stomach lining and produces ulcers - Does not mean a person’s symptoms are imaginary, both the mind and the body are
involved !!
What are the current views of the mind-body relationship?
- all conditions of health and illness are influences by psychological and social environment
- physical health is intertwines with one’s environment
What is staying well & healthy determined by?
good health habits, which are for the most part under one’s control, and by social factors such as culture, SES, stress, where you live, availability of health resources, and social support.
What is the original bisopsychosocial model (BPS)?
- BPS Model was proposed by Engel (1980), a physician who recognized the role of psychological and social factors in illness and health, and that each of the factors affect
one another
