Midterm 1 Flashcards
(85 cards)
Define what it means to be qualitative.
The data gathered is summarized through narrative or verbal means (in words).
Define what it means to be quantitative.
The data gathered is summarized numerically (in numbers).
Give an example of a Quantitative Research Design. Describe them.
Structured Observation - counting a specific trait, action, etc.
Standard Interviews - counting answers to a question.
Questionnaires.
Give an example of a Qualitative Research Design. Describe them.
Case-study - focuses on a “bounded system” in small groups or individuals
Ethnographic - similar to case studies, emphasizes the cultural setting, researchers are a part of the group being studied.
Phenomenological Research - studies a particular phenomena in participants, participants are co-researchers.
Make this research question applicable to answer a quantitative study: How does caffeine affect sleep?
To answer, count the NUMBER of hours subjects get with/without caffiene.
Make this research question applicable to answer a qualitative study: How does caffeine affect sleep?
To answer, ask subjects to describe how their sleep felt with/without caffeine.
Define Range.
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
Define Standard Deviation.
The square root of the variance and is the average distance between each of the scores in a distribution.
Define the Normal Curve.
Define mean, median, and mode.
Mean: the average of the scores.
Median: the score that divides a set exactly in half when scores are arranged from HIGHEST to LOWEST.
Mode: the score in a distribution that occurs most frequently.
What are the 10 parts of research paper (in order)?
Abstract, introduction, research problem, literature review, research questions/hypothesis, methods, results, discussion, conclusion, and references.
Describe the Abstract of a research paper.
A short summary of the report. Includes keywords, research problems, and preview of the results and implications.
Describe the Introduction of a research paper.
Provides context and information necessary to know before reading the report. States thesis, roadmaps, and identifies the problem.
Describe the Research Problem of a research paper.
A clear and succinct statement that identifies the purpose of the study - aka, what the problem is and why it is important.
Describe the Literature Review of a research paper.
Summarizes various different studies of research done on the topic. Shows that the other knows their topic and is aware of the field around it. Should tell audience that there are still untouched aspects/studies that need to be expanded on.
Describe the Research Questions/Hypothesis of a research paper.
Very specific, researchable questions that are claimed to be answered through research.
Describe the Methods of a research paper. Give an example.
A list of instruments used to conduct the study. For example, if used a survey, they might include what questions they used or how they came up with the statistics.
Describe the Results of a research paper.
The objective information taken from the data. Must given without any kind of bias.
Describe the Discussion of a research paper.
The author’s interpretation of the meaning behind the results. Discusses future implications of the results for research, policies, etc.
Describe the Conclusion of a research paper.
A summary of the report with no new information or arguments.
Describe the References of a research paper.
The list of all references from in-text citations - alphabetized by author’s last name and in APA formatting.
Define sampling error.
The expected chance variation that exists between the sample and the population - aka, how much the mean of a sample differs from that of the overall population.
Define null hypothesis.
A hypothesis that describes results that have no effect on the population - a researcher’s goal is ultimately to reject this hypothesis.
Define Variance.
The mean of the squared deviation scores.