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PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

There are two types of plethysmography systems.

A

Body plethysmography / Inductive plethysmography

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2
Q

____ Requires that the subject’s entire body be enclosed within a boxlike cabinet during testing.

A

Body plethysmography

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3
Q

A complex set of components is necessary for system operation and test performance.

A

Body plethysmography

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4
Q

____ involves the use of sensors strapped around the subject’s thorax and abdomen. The equipment is smaller and less complicated.

A

Inductive plethysmography

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5
Q

Body plethysmographs (BPs) are used for making two kinds of pulmonary function measurements.

A

The first is intrathoracic gas volume (VTG) / airway resistance (Raw)

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6
Q

This can be used to determine total lung capacity

A

Intrathoracic gas volume (VTG)

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7
Q

_____ air flow rakes during the subject’s breathing cycle.

A

Inspiratory and/or expiratory

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8
Q

____ changes inside the sealed cabinet that result from expansion and contraction of the subject’s thorax.

A

Air volume

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9
Q

Changes in air pressure at the subject’s ____.

A

mouth

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10
Q

Cabinet air volume changes are used to reflect changes in ____

A

lung volume.

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11
Q

Mouth pressure changes, when the subject’s airway is mechanically obstructed, are interpreted as changes in ____.

A

alveolar pressure

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12
Q

Readings of mouth alveolar pressure compared against changes in cabinet air volume are used to determine ___

A

lung volume.

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13
Q

Cabinet air volume changes compared against subject ventilatory air flow rates are used to determine ____

A

airway resistance.

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14
Q

The ____ has a volume of approximately 600 liters and is large enough for the subject to sit within

A

cabinet

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15
Q

In newer, well-designed models, the cabinet is constructed largely of ____. This allows for good visibility of the subject. It also reduces any claustrophobia that may be experienced by the subject.

A

plexiglass

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16
Q

Cabinets generally include an ____ system for easy communication between technologist and subject.

A

intercom

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17
Q

The cabinet may have a___ that can be opened or close by the operator as needed.

A

vent

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18
Q

Measuring systems are important to BP operation. A _______, _____, _____assembly is located within the cabinet.

A

pneumotachometer/ shutter /pressure transducer

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19
Q

The type of _____ used for measuring ventilatory air flow rates can vary with the brand of plethysmograph used.

A

pneumotachometer

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20
Q

The ____, when activated, occludes the mechanical airway of the pneumotachometer

A

shutter

21
Q

___ It may be controlled by an electronic solenoid or by a pneumatic system. State-of-the-art BPs have automated ____ that close automatically at predetermined times in a test.

A

shutters

22
Q

The ______ is located between the shutter and subject mouthpiece. it is used to measure pressure at the mouth.

A

pressure transducer

23
Q

The method used for measuring cabinet air volume changes can vary considerably between ____ systems.

A

plethysmograph

24
Q

There are two very different methods for measuring body plethysmograph cabinet volume changes. The two methods are based on using either:

A
  • nonconstant-volume plethysmograph cabinet
    -constant-volume, variable-pressure plethysmograph cabinet
25
Q

Use either a primary volume or primary flow measuring spirometer system attached to the BPs outer wall. They are, as a result, referred to as _____

A

Nonconstant-volume plethysmographs / volume-or flow-type plethysmographs

26
Q

These systems directly measure quantities of air that are forced to enter and leave the cabinet. This air movement occurs as a result of the subject’s thoracic volume increases and decreases during breathing. Both large and small changes in thoracic volume can be measured.

A

Nonconstant-volume plethysmographs

27
Q

Conveniently, determination of other nonplethysmographic ventilatory parameters can be made with the subject still within the sealed cabinet. These parameters may include ____ and ____ flow rates. Systems of this type are rather complex and expensive.

A

inspiratory capacity and forced expiratory

28
Q

______ ( pressure-type plethysmographs) Have a pressure transducer connected to an opening in the cabinet wall. The transducer directly measures changes in cabinet pressure during subject breathing.

A

Constant-volume, variable-pressure plethysmographs

29
Q

The pressure changes can be interpreted as volume changes, as described by ____ (PI V1 = P2 V2).

A

Boyle’s law

30
Q

For accurate assessment of cabinet air volume changes, temperatures within the cabinet must remain ___.

A

stable

31
Q

Some systems have a small leak built into the cabinet to allow for temperature _____

A

equilibrium

32
Q

If ____ breathing maneuvers are used by the subject, the leak does not present a problem
for pressure measurement.

A

panting - type

33
Q

These systems provide an excellent frequency response to subject breathing maneuver. This is the most widely used type of plethysmograph. It is, however, limited strictly to traditional plethysmographic- type determinations

A

Constant volume, variable pressure plethysmograph (pressure type plethysmographs)

34
Q

A ____ is an important BP component. It must be a biaxial (X-Y) recorder with a very good frequency response.

A

recording system

35
Q

The ____ is used for plotting pressures measured by the plethysmograph against either ventilatory flow rates or cabinet volume changes.

A

recorder

36
Q

Storage-type ____ or computer monitor perform well.

A

oscilloscopes

37
Q

Real-time ____ can be used, but they may cause distortion of the graphic results at high subject breathing rates.

A

electronic recorders

38
Q

A system for marking and measuring the tracing’s tangent angles is also
necessary.

A

recording system

39
Q

A _____ rotating protractor overlay for the oscilloscope can be used.

A

clear plastic

40
Q

____ can enable rapid assessment of the subject’s performance and test results.

A

Computers

41
Q

Computers can also allow the operator to control the “ ____” tangent measurement for tracings generated during the tests.

A

best fit

42
Q

_______ are used to make indirect measurement of ven-
tilatory parameters. They allow the operator to determine breathing volumes without a
physical connection to the subject’s airway.

A

Respiratory inductive plethysmographs (RIPs)

43
Q

This is done by evaluating the changes in thoracic and abdominal girth that the subject experiences during breathing. These changes
are measured by a ____ and an ____

A

rib-cage strap (RC) and an abdominal strap (AB).

44
Q

Attached to the straps
is a unit for producing a______(alternating) current through the wires.

A

high-frequency oscillating

45
Q

A small _____ unit is also included for storing and processing the data and for
use in system calibration.

A

microprocessor

46
Q

The straps consist of ____ wires that are coiled like a telephone receiver
cord. They are enclosed in an elastic material.

A

Teflon-insulated

47
Q

The ____ produces a magnetic field around the wires. The field, in turn, causes a resistance to the current flow through the wires. This action is called ____.

A

alternating current
/ inductance

48
Q

Changes in the number of coils per length of wire changes the ____ of the circuit.

A

inductance

PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST (3 decks)

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