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IR theories > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the author of the concept of Heartland?

A

Halford Mackinder

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2
Q

What ideas are characteristic for critical geopolitics?

A

Political geographers should look beyond the state-centric perspective; “Geopolitical laws” are just subjective perceptions

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3
Q

What does the concept of Rimland refer to?

A

Ii emphasizes the coastal fringes of Eurasia as key to global power.

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4
Q

What author has emphasized the importance of geopolitical representations of the world by populations of certain countries?

A

Yves Lacoste

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5
Q

Who was the first to apply the term Lebensraum (living space) in a sense that a developed nation is a living organism that needs more geographical space to grow?

A

Friedrich Ratzel

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6
Q

What researchers can be considered as ones belonging to critical geopolitics?

A

Gerard Toal, John Agnew

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7
Q

What author represented post-Soviet Eurasia as a “grand chessboard”?

A

Zbiegnew Brzezinski

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8
Q

What does the geopolitical concept of Heartland refer to?

A

It highlights the importance of Eurasia’s interior for global dominance.

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9
Q

Who believed that maritime powers had an advantage over continental ones?

A

Alfred Mahan

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10
Q

Please select all scholars belonging to the realism tradition

A

Morgenthau, Waltz

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11
Q

What are the key ideas of the critical theory

A

Diagnosing power relations in society and politics (Who dominates? Who has more power? Who is powerless?), Empowering disadvantaged and powerless social groups (emancipation)

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12
Q

Why do researchers need social theories? Please check all correct statements

A

To be able asking much more research questions than they could do without theories, To rely on systematic collective wisdom of those who made their studies in the field previously

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13
Q

Constructivism is a theory that should be constructed from ideas of other theories that fit each other

A

False

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14
Q

Constructivism assumes that in social relations ideas and perceptions are more important than objective reality

A

True

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15
Q

The key idea of positivism is that a researcher should select positive phenomena for one’s research, as only these positive phenomena are useful for elaborating practical recommendations

A

False

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16
Q

The key idea of postmodernism is rejection of modernity and orientation on the past

A

False

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17
Q

One of the key ideas of postmodernism (in political sciences) is departure from the state-centric perspective and adopting non-statist perspectives

A

True

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18
Q

Alienation is one of the key ideas of positivism

A

False

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19
Q

The positivist principle of falsification means that researchers are strictly prohibited from falsifying facts

A

False

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20
Q

One of the key ideas of postmodernism (in political sciences) is departure from the state-centric perspective and adopting non-statist perspectives

A

False

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21
Q

The positivist principle of falsification means that for a valid theory there should be a potential way to prove that this theory is wrong

A

True

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22
Q

Alienation is one of the key ideas of Marxism

A

True

23
Q

Check all that is relevant to realism

A

Balance of power, National interest, Security dilemma

24
Q

Who of the following authors argued that international behavior of a state is determined by the international system and that internal politics of this state doesn’t matter?

A

Kenneth Waltz

25
Q

Who wrote the book “Politics among nations”?

A

Hans Morgenthau

26
Q

Who wrote the book “Theory of International Politics” (1979)?

A

Kenneth Waltz

27
Q

Which statement is the most relevant to defensive realism

A

The conditions of international relations system favor those who try to keep the balance of power rather than to those who try to violate it to their advantage

28
Q

Please check the statement that is the most relevant to the theory of offensive realism

A

The international balance of power is vulnerable and easily can be violated by revisionist states

29
Q

Check all scholars that belong to the school of realism

A

Hans Morgenthau, Kenneth Waltz, John Mearsheimer

30
Q

Which short statement is the best description of the security dilemma?

A

Security dilemma is the situation where a state’s efforts to enhance its security lead to increased insecurity for other states

31
Q

Which short statement is the best description of the prisoner’s dilemma in international relations?

A

The prisoner’s dilemma in international relations refers to a situation where two states, acting in their own self-interest, end up in a suboptimal outcome due to a lack of cooperation

32
Q

Which short statement is the best description of the chicken game in international relations”?

A

The chicken game in international relations is a scenario where two actors engage in a high-stakes competition, risking a catastrophic outcome if neither backs down.

33
Q

Which short statement is the best description of the democratic peace theory?

A

The democratic peace theory suggests that democracies are less likely to go to war with each other

34
Q

What person is considered as the architect of the peaceful order that emerged after World War I?

A

Woodrow Wilson

35
Q

Which person first put forward the idea of democratic peace?

A

Emmanuel Kant

36
Q

What scholar first put forward the idea that peace is the absence of violence and outlined several kinds of violence?

A

Johan Galtung

37
Q

Who are the author of the theories of transnationalism and complex interdependence

A

Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye

38
Q

What is the key idea of the theory of transnationalism?

A

Non-state actors, such as NGOs and multinational corporations, play an increasingly important role in shaping international relations.

39
Q

What is the most correct statement concerning David Mitrany’s functionalist approach towards integration?

A

Successful integration should be de-politicized and should start with few domains rather then from comprehensive integration unions

40
Q

What is the most correct statement concerning Ernst Haas’ functionalist approach towards integration?

A

Successful integration should be led by politicians and start from one or few domains

41
Q

Which scholar is related to Liberalism

A

Joseph Nye

42
Q

What figure is NOT related to liberalism

A

Kenneth Waltz

43
Q

Which of the following statements is the best to describe Marxist approach to international relations

A

Both domestic politics and international relations are driven by capitalism: systematic profit-making and exploitation

44
Q

What is the key idea of Vladimir Lenin’s theory of imperialism?

A

It represents the highest stage of capitalism, characterized by monopolization of capitalist business, export of capital to colonies, their systematic exploitation and rivalry between imperialist states over the control of colonies

45
Q

What is the key idea of Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-system theory?

A

The world is divided into the core, periphery, and semi-periphery; the periphery is exploited by the core that make profits, extracts raw materials, and exploits cheap labor

46
Q

What is the key idea of Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony?

A

It focuses on the role of cultural and ideological leadership of a ruling class in maintaining its dominance over society.

47
Q

What is the most relevant implication of the catch-up development for international relations?

A

Semi-periphery states mobilize its resources to rise and challenge the dominance of Western powers.

48
Q

Who of the following scholars is NOT Marxist

A

Robert Keohane

49
Q

What is the key assumption of postmodernism, as it concerns international relations?

A

There is no single objective truth, and reality is constructed through language, discourse, and interpretation

50
Q

What statement is most relevant to poststructuralism when it concerns international relations?

A

International relations can be represented as a text, whose logic, causal assumptions, and binary oppositions should be properly analyzed.

51
Q

How knowledge and power relate according to postmodernism?

A

Knowledge and power are interrelated, as power structures shape what is considered ‘knowledge,’ and knowledge legitimates existing power structures.

52
Q

What are binary oppositions, and why are they important for poststructuralist analysis of IR texts?

A

Binary oppositions are pairs of contrasting concepts or terms, and they are important for poststructuralist analysis of IR texts because they reveal how our understanding of international relations is shaped by dominating meanings that reduce our choice to two options only.

53
Q

What is the role of the state in contemporary international relations according to postmodernism?

A

The role of the state in contemporary international relations is decentered and fragmented, with non-state actors, such as multinational corporations and non-governmental organizations, playing significant roles in shaping global politics

54
Q

Which of the following scholars does not belong to postmodernism or post structuralist tradition?

A

Immanuel Kant

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