Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Networking Fundamentals > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an intranet?

Networks

A

A private network used within an organization.

Networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an extranet?

Networks

A

An extension of an intranet that allows limited access to external parties.

Networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an internet?

Networks

A

A global network connecting millions of devices and networks worldwide.

Networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are end devices?

Network devices

A

Devices that initiate or consume network services, e.g., computers, smartphones.

Network devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are intermediary devices?

Network devices

A

Devices that facilitate data forwarding, e.g., routers, switches.

Network devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are services?

Network devices

A

Network functions like DNS, DHCP, and firewalls.

Network devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Star mean?

Network Topologies

A

All devices connect to a central hub or switch.

Network Topologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does ring mean?

Network Topologies

A

Devices are connected in a circular fashion.

Network Topologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a Bus mean?

Network Topologies

A

All devices share a single communication line.

Network Topologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Manchester encoding?

Signal Encoding

A

A combination of clock and data signals to transmit information.

Signal Encoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is 8B/10B?

Signal Encoding

A

A code used for high-speed serial data transmission.

Signal Encoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is NRZ?

Signal Encoding

A

(Non-Return-to-Zero): A basic binary encoding scheme.

Signal Encoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is NRZI?

Signal Encoding

A

(Non-Return-to-Zero Inverted): Encodes based on changes in signal voltage.

Signal Encoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Coax Cable?

Media Types

A

Thick, insulated cable often used for cable TV and networking.

Media Types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a UTP?

Media Types

A

(Unshielded Twisted Pair): Common for Ethernet connections, with four pairs of twisted wires.

Media Types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a STP?

Media Types

A

(Shielded Twisted Pair): Similar to UTP but with additional shielding for reduced interference.

Media Types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Fiber Optic?

Media Types

A

Uses light pulses for high-speed data transmission, immune to electrical interference.

Media Types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Intranet

Describe the characterisitics

Characteristics

A

Private, limited access, secure, and used within an organization.

Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Extranet

Describe the characterisitics

Characteristics

A

Extended intranet, with controlled access for external parties.

Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Internet

Describe the characterisitics

Characteristics

A

Global, public, accessible by anyone, and connected worldwide.

Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Star Topology

Describe the characterisitics

Characteristics

A

Centralized, easy to manage, but reliant on the central hub.

Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ring Topology

Describe the characterisitics

Characteristics

A

Redundancy, equal data access, but a break can disrupt the network.

Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bus Topology

Describe the characterisitics

Characteristics

A

Simple, cost-effective, but a failure can impact the entire network.

Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Signal Encoding

Describe the characterisitics

Characteristics

A

Techniques for transmitting data over a network medium.

Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Media Types

Describe the characterisitics

Characteristics

A

Different cables or mediums for data transmission.

Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Layer 7 - Application

OSI model layers

A
  • Purpose: Provides network services directly to end-users or applications.
  • Protocols: HTTP, SMTP, FTP.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Layer 6 - Presentation:

OSI model layers

A
  • Purpose: Translates data between the application and network format.
  • Protocols: SSL/TLS, JPEG, GIF.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Layer 5 - Session

OSI model layers

A
  • Purpose: Manages and establishes sessions (connections) between applications.
  • Protocols: NetBIOS, PPTP, RPC.
29
Q

Layer 4 - Transport

OSI model layers

A
  • Purpose: Manages end-to-end communication, data integrity, and error recovery.
  • Protocols: TCP, UDP, SCTP.
30
Q

Layer 3 - Network

OSI model layers

A
  • Purpose: Routes data packets between different networks or subnets.
  • Protocols: IP, ICMP, OSPF.
31
Q

Layer 2 - Data Link:

OSI model layers

A
  • Purpose: Handles node-to-node communication within the same network segment.
  • Protocols: Ethernet, MAC addresses, PPP.
32
Q

Layer 1 - Physical:

OSI model layers

A
  • Purpose: Transmits raw binary data over the physical medium.
  • Protocols: Ethernet cables, fiber optics, electrical voltages.
33
Q

Most common physical connectors are?

A
  • DB-9 (Serial port on computer)
  • RJ45(Ethernet cable connecter)
  • USB
34
Q

Signaling

A

Defines which type of signal represents a “1” and which represents a “0” ; Physical layer has to generate electrical, optical, or wireless signals that represent the “1” and “0” on the media

35
Q

Encoding

A

Method of converting stream of data bits into a predefined code, a pattern of voltage or current used to represent bits; the 0s and 1s

  • Networking signals are either analog or digital
36
Q

Analog Signal

A

Wave pattern with positive and negative voltages, some examples, radio signal and ordinary telephone

  • These are used in WANS that employ analog modems
37
Q

Amplitude

A

is the distance from 0-max

38
Q

Frequency

A

how many cycle per second

39
Q

Digital Signal

A

Electrical pulse being applied to a cable to transmit data bits on the cable, a simple digital system would represent a 1 when voltage is applied and a 0 when the voltage is stopped

40
Q

Twisted pair cables

A

reduce signal interference caused by the data pulses in other adjacent cables

41
Q

Unshielded Twisted Pair

A

cables are used in telephone systems and Ethernet Networks

42
Q

Attenuation

A

Loss of signal strength that starts to happen as the signal travels farther along a copper cable

43
Q

MDI

A
  • Stands for media dependent interface - type of Ethernet port found on network devices
  • Pins 1&2 transmit, pins 3&6 receive (PCs, Routers)
  • For MDI-X the pins are the same (Hubs, Switches)
44
Q

MDI-X

A

Hub/switch use a connector wiring called MDI-X

  • Transmit on pin 3&6, receive on pin 1&3
  • Using a straight thru cable the PC will send data on Pin 1 and the hub/switch will receive the data on pin 1
45
Q

Crossover Cable

A
  • Required to connect 2 computers together
    • any device that has an MDI connector
    • Router Ethernet ports are MDI format
    • PC to router requires a crossover as well
46
Q

RS-232

A
  • Standard for serial transmission of data
    • defines the signals connecting a computer data terminal equipment and data communication equipment
  • Standard is commonly used for serial ports in computers
  • Defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, physical size and pinout of connectors
47
Q

Binary (Base 2)

A
  • Consists of only two digits: 0 and 1.
  • Example: 1011 (binary).
48
Q

Decimal (Base 10)

A
  • Consists of ten digits: 0 to 9.
  • Example: 42 (decimal).
49
Q

Hexadecimal (Base 16)

A
  • Consists of sixteen digits: 0-9 and A-F (where A=10, B=11, …, F=15).
  • Example: 2A (hexadecimal).
50
Q

Binary to Decimal

A
  • Multiply each digit by 2 raised to its position and sum.
  • Example: 1011 (binary) to decimal:
    • 1 * 2^3 + 0 * 2^2 + 1 * 2^1 + 1 * 2^0 = 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 11 (decimal).
51
Q

Binary to Hexadecimal

A
  • Group binary digits in sets of four, then convert to hexadecimal.
  • Example: 110110101 (binary) to hexadecimal:
    • 1101 1010 1 (grouped)
    • D A 1 (converted)
    • Result: DA1 (hexadecimal).
52
Q

Hexadecimal to Decimal

A
  • Multiply each digit by 16 raised to its position and sum.
  • Example: 2A (hexadecimal) to decimal:
    • 2 * 16^1 + A * 16^0 = 32 + 10 = 42 (decimal).
53
Q

Hexadecimal to Binary

A

Convert each hexadecimal digit to its 4-digit binary equivalent.

  • Example: 3F (hexadecimal) to binary:
    • 3 -> 0011, F -> 1111
    • Result: 00111111 (binary).
54
Q

Ethernet & IEEE 802.3 Headers

A
  • Ethernet: A common LAN technology.
  • IEEE 802.3: Standardized Ethernet by IEEE.
55
Q

CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection):

A

A protocol to manage access to shared communication channels.

56
Q

Half Duplex

A

Communication in one direction at a time.

57
Q

Full Duplex

A

Simultaneous two-way communication.

58
Q

Frame Sizes and Headers

A
  • Frames are data packets at the Data Link Layer.
  • Headers contain control information for frame handling.
59
Q

MAC (Media Access Control) & LLC (Logical Link Control

A
  • MAC: Responsible for hardware addressing and frame transmission.
  • LLC: Manages communication between devices.
60
Q

Unicast, Multicast & Broadcast

A
  • Unicast: One-to-one communication.
  • Multicast: One-to-many communication.
  • Broadcast: One-to-all communication.
61
Q

Collision & Broadcast Domains

A
  • Collision Domain: Set of devices where collisions can occur.
  • Broadcast Domain: Set of devices reached by broadcast frames.
62
Q

MAC Address & Forwarding Tables:

A
  • MAC Address: Unique hardware address for network devices.
  • Forwarding Tables: Maps MAC addresses to ports.
63
Q

Forward, Flood, & Filter

A
  • Forward: Send a frame directly to its destination.
  • Flood: Broadcast a frame to all ports.
  • Filter: Selectively forward frames based on MAC addresses.
64
Q

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

A
  • Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses.
  • Used to discover the hardware address of a device on the same network.
65
Q

Cut-Through vs. Store-and-Forward:

A
  • Cut-Through: Switch forwards frames immediately after receiving the destination address.
  • Store-and-Forward: Switch buffers the entire frame, checks for errors, and then forwards.
66
Q

MAC Address Flooding

A

When a switch receives a frame with an unknown destination MAC address, it floods it to all ports except the source.

67
Q

DHCP Spoofing

A

Unauthorized device pretends to be a legitimate DHCP server, assigning IP addresses and potentially causing network disruptions.

68
Q

Port Security (Shutdown, Protect, Restrict):

A
  • Shutdown: Disables the port when a security violation occurs.
  • Protect: Drops frames from unauthorized MAC addresses but doesn’t disable the port.
  • Restrict: Logs violations and limits the number of allowed MAC addresses.
69
Q

Port and MAC Address Association (Static, Dynamic, Sticky):

A
  • Static: Manually configured MAC addresses associated with specific ports.
  • Dynamic: MAC addresses learned automatically by the switch as devices connect.
  • Sticky: Combination of dynamic and static; dynamically learned addresses can be converted to static.

Networking Fundamentals (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions