MIDTERM 1 Flashcards

Question

"Race Performance is...

Answer 1

1. Very specific (as a reference “maximum”) 2. Very consistent (less than 2% variability) 3. Very accurate (as performance index) - combines metabolic and mechanical factors

Answer 2

Constant power test (variable)

Answer 3

Constant duration test (3%)

Answer 4

Constant work test (<2%)

Answer 5

Low to Moderate intensity 1. 50-70% for VO2max for runners 2. 56-75% FTP for cyclists Long duration 1. Usually 45-180 min for runners 2. Up to 6 hours for cyclists Not necessarily easy

Answer 6

1. Active Rest 2. Endurance building Physiological training benefits: enhanced fat utilization, caloric expenditure, build muscle endurance

Answer 7

PO (W) = (resistance x rpm x 6) / 6.12 Speed (m/s) = mph x 0.447 rate x time = distance (r x t = d)

Answer 8

1. Subjective 2. Includes feedback on mechanical component of performance (unlike heart rate) 3. Has been calibrated by GXT or FTP and 5K test 4. Must remember what each rating is “made up of”...

Answer 9

1. Not subjective 2. More limited to the “engine” or metabolic component of performance 3. Can act as a surrogate for VO2 because of “calibration” in GXT (also in FTP and 5K test) 4. Must remember what can affect each value

Answer 10

Increase in “central command” - increase sympathetic neural activity Increase in catecholamine response to sprint and stress of competition Increase in chemoreceptor stimulation from elevated ions (H+, K+) High frequency limb movement during sprinting - Increase afferent neural activity from mechano-receptors Increase aerobic demand as a result of elevated aerobic metabolism for resynthesis of ATP-PC and other metabolic activity during recovery intervals; increase aerobic energy requirement of low to moderate intensity skating and gliding; increase O2 demand of cardia and breathing support muscles; and, general aerobic energy requirements of other activities throughout an ice hockey game Increase in thermo-regulatory responses

Answer 11

Gradual increase in HR over time given the conditions: 1. Submaximal, steady-state work rates 2. Increase in thermoregulatory responses a. Blood diverted to capillaries for heat loss blood plasma volume may decrease from sweating b. Stroke volume goes down c. HR goes up to compensate

Answer 12

+-100ml/min

Answer 13

too big, 5-85

Answer 14

(VE/VO2)/time

Answer 15

(VE/VCO2)/time

Answer 16

VE deflection on plot against PO

Answer 17

1. Turns into lactic acid 2. Dissociates in lactate and H+ 3. Lactate is a marker for anaerobic glycolysis 4. H+ is buffered by bicarbonate 5. It then is expired as excess non-metabolic CO2 and H2O 6. CO2 is a marker for anaerobic glycolysis ATP + H2O →ADP + Pi + H+ This H+ causes muscle acidosis

Answer 18

The exercise intensity where anaerobic energy production (glycolysis) accelerates (not kicks in) to supplement (not replace) aerobic energy production

Answer 19

1. production 2. efflux 3. utilization

Answer 20

1. Catecholamines 2. Central drive

Answer 21

1. Good predictor of aerobic capacity 2. Well correlated with the fractional utilization of VO2max for endurance events 3. Convenient tool for assessing aerobic endurance 4. Thresholds currently provide “markers” for exercise intensity for examining intensity distribution

Answer 22

Tempo Training or Threshold Training or Race Pace Training Selecting one intensity above, at or below threshold pace or power output and sustaining for an extended period of time. Uses rehearsal and specificity, as it’s often target race pace.

Answer 23

Above-and-Below or Over-and-Under Intervals Systematic variation of intensity above and below threshold pace (or power output) Uses pace changes and overload, as it goes above target race pace

Answer 24

Power output (cycle) or pace (running) is best * HR is OK but you will need to allow for effects of: – fatigue – decreased economy – thermal stress – dehydration * Ventilatory stress – the “talk test” * RPE – usually in the 13-17 range