Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 302 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Sample

A

smaller representation of the whole population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Population

A

pool of individuals from which a sample is drawn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain the difference between parameters and statistics

A

Parameters describe populations, statistics describe samples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Random sample

A

everyone in the population has a equal chance of being chosen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Convenience sample

A

People that are easier to access by the researcher are chosen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bias

A

prejudiced results and strays away from the accurate value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Error

A

inaccurate results which is usually always present in a sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sampling error

A

randomness, statistical noise (when you increase sample size, sampling error decreases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sampling bias

A

when some members of the population are more likely to be chosen than others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Measurement error

A

Difference between the observed value and unobserved value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Measurement bias

A

When I collect data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Relate sampling and measurement bias to the concepts of internal and external validity

A

How well you control confound variables
How well your results reflect the entire population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Confidence Interval

A

Probability that a parameter falls between a set of values for a certain proportion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain the effect of increased sample size on confidence intervals.

A

Decreases the width of confidence interval as it decreases the standard error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Continuous

A

On a scale, changes over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mean

A

average

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Categorical

A

discrete categories ex. sex/snowboard

15
Q

Ordinal

A

rank order

16
Q

Median

A

middle number

17
Q

Mode

A

number that occurs the most

18
Q

When are mean and median the same

A

normal distribution and if data is symmetrical

19
Q

What is used as central tendency if data is skewed

A

median

20
Q

Describe the probable sample effect on the range of a variable

A

The greater your sample size the larger the range

21
Q

Explain how quantiles can be used to measure variance

A

Used to calculate interquartile range (variability around the median)
Calculated as the third quartile - first quartile

22
Q

Explain the probable sample effect on the interquartile range

A

As sample size increases, variance decreases

23
Q

Explain how standard deviation is calculated

A

The square root of variance by determining each points deviation from the mean

24
Q

Coefficient of Variation

A

standard deviation over mean of the population to show variability

25
Q

Confidence interval on the mean

A

provides a upper and lower limit, and tells us how much uncertainty there is

26
Q

Explain what a standard error on the mean measures

A

Measures the discrepancy between the sample mean and population mean

27
Q

Describe what sample size effects have on the SEM

A

As sample size increases SEM decreases

28
Q

Identify three assumptions made in calculating SEM

A

Random sample
Independent observations
Accurate data not biased

29
Q

Explain what t measures

A

How closely distribution of data measures distribution predicted under the null hypothesis

30
Q

Correctly define what a p value measures

A

The probability of obtaining observed results assuming that null hypothesis is true

31
Q

Effect size

A

how meaningful the relationship between variables was

32
Q

NHST

A

non-hypothesis significant testing (testing to check significance between two variables assuming the null hypothesis is true)

33
Q

type 1 error

A

rejecting the null hypothesis when its true

34
Q

Type 2 error:

A

not rejecting the null hypothesis when its false

35
Q

Residual

A

difference between observed and expected values

36
Q

Assumptions of a Pearson product-moment correlation

A

Random sample
Independent observations
Linear relationship
No outliers
normal distribution

37
Q

What a coefficient of correlation measures

A

Direction and strength of linear relationship between two variables

38
Q
A

Psych 302 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions