Midterm 1

Question 1

Affective orientation

Answer 1

When an emotion continues to impact a persons’ social interactions after it is experienced. These effective orientations impact how people process information they receive, and shape their beliefs. Pearlman 2013

Question 2

Authoritarian bargain

Answer 2

When a large part of the middle class (doctors, lawyers, teachers) are employed by the authoritarian state, and so have privilege because of state connections.

Question 3

Central patrimonialism

Question 4

Coercive apparatus

Answer 4

Systems in place to prevent protest and rebellion against an authoritative state (I.e. secret police in Lawrence (2016).

Question 5

Crony capitalism

Answer 5

A political system in which power is gained based on how close one is to powerful and wealthy people in charge, not based on merit.

Question 6

Cross class coalition

Answer 6

Populist, authoritarian, regimes, in order to gain legitimacy and consolidate power back from old oligarchical regimes, combine the middle and lower classes into a cross-class coalition. Hinnebusch (2019)

Question 7

Defensive developmentalism

Answer 7

As the rest of the world develops, economically and technologically, leaders in the Mena region, attempt to mirror this development in order to hold onto their power. Can be seen in the Ottoman Empire, where this was difficult as they did not have the authority to collect taxes (Gasper 2023)

Question 8

Diffusion by demonstration

Answer 8

The protest movements of the Arab spring were able to defuse between countries easily because citizens could watch the demonstrated effects of protest unfold in their neighboring countries through the media. Once Egypt demonstrated that revolution could be successful, the idea became much more appealing to its neighboring countries. (Patel et al)

Question 9

Dutch disease

Answer 9

Dutch disease refers to when the discovery of natural resources in a country harms the other industries within the country. This is because of both the movement of labor and capital from sectors like agriculture towards sectors like energy, and also because the stimulation of the economy raises the value of the countries currency (real exchange rate) and makes it cheaper to import goods that used to be produced in the country. (Ross)

Question 10

Dynastic monarchy

Answer 10

A political system in which a family collaboratively rules a country. Dynastic monarchies tend to be more stable than non-dynastic monarchies. These monarchies are more feasible in resource rich countries so that limited wealth does not cause power struggles among the ruling family. (Herb 1999)

Question 11

Early riser (in the context of protest waves)

Answer 11

The first countries to begin protest movements during the Arab spring 

Question 12

Emboldening emotions

Question 13

Expressive utility

Question 14

First mover

Question 15

Fiscal theory of democracy

Question 16

Gunpowder empire

Question 17

Local patrimonialism

Question 18

Oligopsony

Question 19

Patriarchalism

Question 20

Populist-authoritarian republic

Question 21

Preference falsification

Question 22

Public space cluttering

Answer 22

Filling the public sphere with discourse that’s bullshit to prevent discussion of real issues.

Question 23

Regime survival strategy

Question 24

Rentier state

Question 25

Resource curse

Question 26

Revolutionary threshold

Question 27

Revolutionary cascade

Question 28

Segmentary state

Question 29

Slave soldiers

Question 30

State capacity

Question 31

Third wave of democratization

Question 32

Waqf