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Modern Archaeology > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Different Definitions of Historical Archaeology

A

Deetz: 15th century and onwards, influence of europeans globally, focused on literacy
Orser: hard to seperate history - it is continuous. Focus on recent history - reflection of own culture

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2
Q

How does text-aided archaeology relate to historical archaeology

A

most historical archaeology is during a time when written records exist - can aid because can give more information
helps to date
insider vs outsider perspective

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3
Q

Different Definitions of Modernity

A

processes that shape and characterize our world
Deetz: seek to understand processes that make us american (becoming american = becoming modern)
modernity varies across different settings
Latour: never been modern
Orser: look onto self
Taylor: multiple modernities

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4
Q

Why study modernity with archaeological techniques

A

ideas - objects, ideas - words, objects - culture
reveal what is left out of the written record
reflection onto ourselves

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5
Q

James Hall

A

1856: dug up ancestor’s house (Deetz’s earliest example of historical archaeology)

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6
Q

Data sets in Historical Archaeology

A

oral record, written record, mean ceramic dating, etc

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7
Q

Emic

A

internal perspective

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8
Q

Etic

A

outside/observational perspective
ethnohistory

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9
Q

Benefits and challenges of working with text and archaeology

A

benefits: gives more information about what looking at
challenges: not everyone writes - the information that you are getting could be very skewed

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10
Q

terminus post quem

A

date after (site as old as the newest thing)

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11
Q

terminus ante quem

A

date before (ex: items are missing, guessing it’s before those items)

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12
Q

post-medieval archaeology

A

studied in Europe
mostly historical + landscape (not anthro)
division between medieval and post - 1400s

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13
Q

challenges of prehistory/history divide

A

cant label based on literacy
labels simply sued to minimize scope but history is continuous
oral cultures still exist today - are in no way “less” than written culture

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14
Q

Georgian order

A

normative worldview based on time of King George
culture/nature
mechanic/organic
symmetrical/asymmetrical
whiteness/org. colors
individual/collective

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15
Q

studying modernity as a process

A

modernity is our world - study how came to be

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16
Q

What is TPR trying to accomplish?

A

show that classification is more than pipes = race
interconnectedness - if can examine relationship between pipe makers and users, can break down social structure at the time
power + perspectives
look at pipes in present - want to find how humans classified in past (break down current archaeological processes)
pragmatism: care about what things do in teh world, not just what it means

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17
Q

Pots = people (and critiques)

A

don’t know if who made the pots are connected to who the pots are used by
material culture: modified through culturally determined behaviour, but not end all be all
identify people by pots
normative mindset - doesn’t account for individuals

18
Q

Sainte Marie I

A

1639: Jesuits mission on Huron
1855: Father Felix Martin goes to study - comissioned by government

19
Q

Canadian National Parks Act (and relevance)

A

preserve sites of national importance

20
Q

Historic Sites Act (and relevance)

A

preserve sites, buildings, etc for public use
gave jobs to archaeologists

21
Q

Jamestown

A

wanted ready to present to the public in 1957
thought eroded into the river until 1990
discovered wells - indicate drought
starving as a problem
buried inside because scared of Powhatan
evidence for medical treatement
evidence of cannibalism

22
Q

Barbara Little’s discussion of Jamestown

A

Understand based on what’s going on before
tense relations between Powhatan and Monocan - Monocan have more copper
colonists come and trade copper to the Powhatan - good relationship, but then copper is diluted & there is a drought; explains shift in relations

23
Q

Archaeology of Abe Lincoln

A

1930s-40s
started with insurance policy
tried to associate object w Lincoln but had trouble
moved to architectural history in great detail

24
Q

Flood Control Act

A

1944: construct dams
found archaeological sites - focus on architecture

25
Q

Lucy Foster

A

excavated 1943
freed black woman - compared architecture of her house to slave cabins

26
Q

Ideas from Carl Russel Fish, JC Harrington, Ivor Noel Hume

A

Fish: strong connection to history
Harrington: auxillary science to American history
Ivor Noel Hume: handmaiden to
history - assist

27
Q

Anthropology vs History

A

History: what happened, descriptive, micro
Anthropology: human culture, why, comparative, macro

28
Q

Significance of historical archeology becoming more anthropological

A

archaeologists studying culture
consider every day life, not just architecture

29
Q

New/Processual Archaeology

A

Lewis Binford
study cultural processes
man’s extrasomatic means of adaptation (ranking for how adapt)
systems theory

30
Q

Plimoth Plantation

A

Deetz study how pilgrims change over the years
Wampanoag world before Mayflower - trade, seasonality, water travel
long term history of fish fertilizer

31
Q

Historical Archaeological studies of people wihtout much power

A

tell stories that are not documented
ex: Archaeology of Enslaved Africans
Yaugham and Curiboo Plantations - see slave dwellings cahnge to european style houses, diet, and potter - by choice?
ex: Archaeology of Gold Miners
“single gender” “male” spaces
lots of imported food - show how make home, liminal space

32
Q

What can we learn from studying those who didn’t write?

A

we can learn about their day to day life and social interactions

33
Q

Summary of the history of historical archaeology

A

culture history
then processual
then post processual

34
Q

Culture History

A

study and describe artifacts and how patterns and artifacts change

explain all through diffusion

35
Q

Processual

A

science - how cultures adapt to external enviornment
if there is change, external stimulus

36
Q

Postprocessual (basics)

A

what objects mean to individuals, symbolism

37
Q

Functional or stuctural functionalism or systems theory

A

variety of factors that work together as a system to influence behavior

ex: pot - who made the pot? how do they have the resources to only make pots? who assigns roles?

38
Q

Lewis Binford

A

1962 - push archaeology to anthropology
different artifacts have different culturally specific functions

39
Q

Normativity

A

worldviews, everything is happening for the same reason, everyone has same normative mindset

40
Q

Pragmatism v Functionalism v Structuralism

A

Pragmatic: Who cares why it’s there
Functionalism: What used for
Structuralism: Apply order to everything

Modern Archaeology (1 decks)

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