midterm 1

Question 1

What are three acts of the intellect (make new examples each time)

Answer 1

1. Term = Concept. for example chair, table, chair, brown, etc.
2. Judgement = Proposition. for example The chair is brown
3. Argument = Syllogism. for example
   i. All Humans are Mortal
   ii. Socrates is a Human
   iii. Therefore, Socrates is Mortal.

Question 2

What is an argument?

Answer 2

An argument is a set of at least 2 claims where one of them (conclusion) is supported by the others (premise(s))

Question 3

Give at least 5 premise indicators

Answer 3

Since;
Seeing as;
On account of the fact that;
Because;
For;
For that reason;
As it is implied by;
Assuming that;
Given that;
The reason is that;
Supposing that;
As a result of;

Question 4

Give at least 5 conclusion indicators

Answer 4

Thus;
Therefore;
Consequently;
So;
Hence;
As a result;
We may infer;
Which entails that;
Ergo;
As a consequence;
We may infer that;
It follows that;
We may conclude that;
For these reasons;

Question 5

What makes simple arguments

Answer 5

They have one conclusion

Question 6

What makes immediate arguments?

Answer 6

They have one premise and one conclusion

Question 7

What makes complex arguments?

Answer 7

They have multiple conclusions. specifically there will be a final conclusion that is supported by one or more intermediary conclusions which in turn are supported by premises.

Question 8

What are conditionals and how should they be treated in an argument?

Answer 8

Conditionals are (if…then…) statements. They are to be treated as one premise or conclusion.

Question 9

What are disjunctives and how should they be treated in an argument?

Answer 9

Disjunctives are (Either…or… neither…nor…) statements. They are to be treated as one premise or conclusion.

Question 10

What are compound sentences and how should they be treated in an argument?

Answer 10

Compound sentences are sentences that are separated by: unless, If…Then…, Either…or…, or Neither…nor
They are to be treated as a single claim. It is a single premise or conclusion.

Question 11

What is a diagram for an argument?

Answer 11

A diagram is the structure of an argument in a numerical form that outlines which premises together support which conclusions.

Question 12

What could the diagram of an immediate argument look like?

Answer 12

Immediate:
1 or .2
!……..!
2……1

Question 13

What could the diagram of an simple argument look like?

Answer 13

Simple:
…1+2….1+3+4….2+3
…!…………..!………….!
…3………….2…………1

Question 14

What could the diagram of an complex argument look like?

Answer 14

Complex:
2+3+4….1+2
…..!…………!..
..1+5………3.
…..!…………!..
….6………..4..

Question 15

Come up with an argument for the following diagram:
1+2
…!…
…3…
…!…
…4…
What kind of argument is it?

Answer 15

complex

Question 16

Come up with an argument for the following diagram:
1+2
…!..
..3..
What kind of argument is it?

Answer 16

Simple

Question 17

Come up with an argument for the following diagram:
1+2+4
…..!…..
….3…..
What kind of argument is it?

Answer 17

Simple

Question 18

Come up with an argument for the following diagram:
2+3+4
…..!
…..1 + 5
………!
……..6
What kind of argument is it?

Answer 18

Complex

Question 19

Come up with an argument for the following diagram:
2
!
1
What kind of argument is it?

Answer 19

Immediate

Question 20

What is standard form of an argument? How does the structure work?

Answer 20

standard form lays all the premises out that support the first conclusion (if there is no more to follow), or intermediary conclusion (if there are). Then, if there are further premises to support the final conclusion, they will be next. Finally, the final conclusion. Round brackets with the numbers corresponding to the supporting premises or supporting intermediary conclusion follow the conclusions.

Standard form
1. Premise
2. Premise
3. Conclusion (1, 2)
4. Premise
5. Conclusion (3, 4)