Midterm 1: Flashcards
health Maintenance, Cognition, Physical Examination, Vital Signs, Skin, Hair, Nails, Head, neck, eyes, ears, nose, throat and oral cavity.
Check a child for facial symmetry and normality of features.
A child with Down Syndrome will have ________ palpebral fissures.
Upslanting
Check a child for facial symmetry and normality of features.
A child with Noonan Syndrome will have ________ palpebral fissures.
Downslanting
Short palpebral fissures is a sign of __________.
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Nystagmus (wandering or shaking eye movements) in newborns, after a few days can be a sign of what two things?
1: Poor vision
2: Central nervous system disease
When examining a newborns mouth, what are the tiny, white or yellow, rounded mucous retention cysts located along the hard palate? _________ _____
Epstein Pearls
Chloasma or melasma are irregular brownish patches on the forehead, neck, nose and jaw of a pregnant person. Is this a normal finding?
Yes. Its also called the “mask of pregnancy”.
For a pregnant patient, facial edema after 20 weeks is suspicious for which disorder?
Preeclampsia
Hearing loss associated with aging is termed: ____________.
Presbycusis
If a patient fails the hearing test, what test can be done to determine if the hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural in origin?
Weber and Rinne fork tests
What is a healthy, normal BMI?
18.5-24
Gyrate: Twisted, Coiled, Spiral, Snakelike
What are 3 types of testing to diagnose DM?
Hemoglobin A1c (> or = to 6.5%)
Fasting glucose (>126)
FSBG (>200 2 hrs after eating)
How old do you have to be and who cannot have the Varicella vaccine?
Age 13 or older and you cannot have the vaccine if you are pregnant or have AIDS.
How soon after having the TD vaccine can a patient get TDAP?
Right away
______ is when after tactile stimulus, the patient looks at you, but still responds slowly and somewhat confused.
Obtundation
Dysarthia means:
Defective articulation, ex slurred speech.
Term for repeating other people’s words or phrases.
Echolalia
PHQ-9 is what type of screening tool?
Depression
GAD 7 is what type of screening tool?
Anxiety
What position are rectal exams completed in?
SIMS position
When taking a blood pressure, some patient have an auscultory gap. What is this associated with?
Arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic disease
Average sodium intake recommendation.
<1500
Primary Lesions: FLAT
___: < 1 cm flat change of skin color
___: > 1cm same but larger
Macule
Patch - EX redness under cheeks
Primary Lesions: Raised Spots
___: < 1cm small elevation of skin
___: > 1cm large raised area
___: Larger and deeper- solid elevation that extends to the deeper skin layers
Papule: Ex: nevi, warts, insect bites, acne
Plaque: Ex psoriasis
Nodule: Ex: Cysts, lipomas, fibromas
Primary Lesions: Fluid Filled
__: < 1cm elevation containing clear fluid
__: > 1cm larger fluid filled
Vesicle: Ex: herpes, contact dermatitis, autoimmune blistering
Bullae
Primary Lesions: Pus filled
___: Small while collection of neutrophils or keratin- filled with purulent fluid
Pustule
Inflamed hair follicle is called?
Furuncle
Two type of hair:
__: Short fine unpigmented
__: Coarser, ticker, usually pigmented
Vellus
Terminal
Basal Cell Carcinoma:
- Most common form of skin cancer
- Described as _____
A pink patch that does not heal and may have focal scaling.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
Arises from actinic keratoses. Described as _______ patches with _______ margins.
Scaly patches with sharp margins
At birth there is a fine, downy growth of hair over the entire body called _____
Lanugo
A newborn with midline hair tufts over the lumbosacral spine can suggest ____.
Spinal cord defect
MMSE, Mini-cog and The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa) are screening tools for what?
Dementia
In newborns, _____ are white, pearly papules on the face that represent the opening of sweat glands.
Milia
_____ is the visual layer of the eye in which light waves are changed to nerve impulses. This is where we use an opthalmoscope.
Retina
The bony labyrinth of the ear is a sensory organ for equilibrium and hearing. It feeds the brain the body’s position. If there is inflammation here it can create ____.
A staggering gait and strong whirling sensation (vertigo).
Thyroid:
Soft in _____ disease
Firm in _____ disease
Soft in Graves Disease
Firm in Hashimoto Disease
Hallmark sign of Cushing’s Syndrome?
“moon” face with puffy red cheeks
Farsightedness: ________
Nearsightedness: ______
Hyperopia - farsightedness
Myopia - nearsightedness
_____ When the pupils are unequal by at least 4mm.
Anisocoria
Difference between conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss?
Conductive is the loss of hearing due to the external and middle ear. Sensorineural is loss due to the inner ear.
Otitis externa or otitis media with perforation usually present with ______ discharge.
Yellow green
If the tympanic membrane appears as a large, chalky, white patch its called ______.
Tympanosclerosis. Usually a result of scarring from otitis media.
-Serous effusion of the tympanic membrane appears as: ____.
-Caused by upper resp infections or change in atmospheric pressure.
-Fullness or popping sensation can be heard.
Amber fluid behind the ear drum.
A smooth tongue (Atrophic Glassitis) suggests: ______.
Deficiency of B12, folic acid, iron, niacin, riboflavin or treatment with chemo.
What order are the skills in a physical assessment? (Except abdominal)
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
Which cranial nerve is being affected if there is an absence in reaction to light, direct and consensual?
CN III
Nonmaleficence
“First, do no harm.”
Beneficence
Clinicians should act for the patients’ benefit and treat disease.
A pregnant woman, over 20 weeks, has facial edema. What is this suspicious for?
Preeclampsia
What’s the term for this variation in thought processes:
A roundabout expression, substituting a forgotten word or phrase.
Circumlocution
What’s the term for this variation in thought processes:
Shifting topics that are loosely connected or unrelated. Unaware of the lack of association.
Derailment
What’s the term for this variation in thought processes:
Invented or distorted words
Neologisms
