MIDTERM 1 Flashcards
n Japanese, an active sentence is formed using SUBJECT-OBJECT-VERB (e.g. watashi wa pizza o tabemashita, or “I pizza ate”), whereas in English, an active sentence is formed using SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT (I ate pizza).
syntax
The reason that Japanese language speakers cannot distinguish between “l” and “r” sounds is because Japanese has fewer _____________ than English.
phonemes
The word “antidisestablishmentarianism” can be broken down into __________ of “anti-“, “dis-“, “establish”, “-ment”, “-arian” and “-ism”
morphemes
Email can often lead to misunderstandings. This is because
it lacks extralinguistic information.
Allowing an infinite number of unique sentences to be created from combining our symbols in novel ways refers to
generativity
According to famed linguist Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through a device he called
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
Who would be the LEAST susceptible to interference on the Stroop task?
33-year old Nancy who has a lot of difficulty reading and writing
Allan is a birdwatcher, and when he sees a new flying creature one day while on a walk, he does not need to discover that it flies, chirps, and eats worms and bugs to recognize that it is a bird. Allan is using _______ to help him achieve cognitive economy and categorize his world.
schemas
Imagine that you see an advertisement for a new cellular provider that covers 80% of Canada. However, if you reword the offer, you realize that you would have no coverage in 20% of Canada. This example highlights how _______ influence(s) our decision making.
framing
When we are trying to solve this puzzle, we usually assume numbers are associated with math. This is an obstacle to our problem solving because of we view math as a(n)
mental set, and that numbers are can only be used in math.
When we view videos on life hacks, we see different ways to use everyday objects, such as plastic bottles used to make automatic drip watering system for plants, or using the cardboard tube of a paper towel roll to amplify your phone speakers. This is a type of
divergent thinking
, which overcomes the Answer
functional fixedness
of the original object in order to resourcefully use it.
n the video of Feral children, we followed four cases of children who were abandoned early, and found at different times in their life.
For their language development, match their ability with their development (use the descriptions to answer, even if they might differ from the video).
Oksana (abandoned at 2 and found at around 6) can speak in fully structured simple sentences:
synatic development
Jeannie (neglected at birth in a house but found at 13) has a large naming vocabulary but is unable to do more than put one or two words together.
producing two word phrases
Based on the language development of the children above, at which age do you think the language___________period would end?____
sensitive
7
Oksana got a job working with horses, and Victor enjoyed playing outdoors with the trees and the grass. What type of intelligence do they show?
naturalistic intelligence
A person’s acuity of sight and hearing contribute to intelligence. This was tested by measuring grip strength, accuracy in naming objects by smell, etc…
Sir Francis Galton
Intelligence as Sensory Capacity
You can measure intelligence by comparing your chronological age with your mental age.
Binet and Simon
Intelligence testing
Those who have IQs beyond two standard deviations below the population mean are considered
Intellectually disabled
Those who have IQs beyond two standard deviations above the population mean are considered
Intellectually gifted
True or False: Individuals who are extremely intellectually gifted are at a higher risk of mental health issues such as depression and anxiety due to childhood bullying.
False
Why is there a stronger positive correlation between high school scores and IQ compared to University scores and IQ? Check all that apply.
There are multiple factors that account for GPA outside of IQ.
Universities select the high school students with high IQs
Check all that apply. Incorrect choices will have marks deducted.
What factors account for the Flynn Effect?
Increased test sophistication
Better nutrition
Changes at home and school
Increased complexity of the modern world
Which are the following are true about differences in IQ? Check all that apply. Incorrect answers will have marks deducted.
Men have a larger standard deviation (spread) across IQ scores than women.
Gender differences in mental rotation tasks are wiped out when accounting for spatial practice.
Women tend to do better than men on verbal tasks.
Racial differences in IQ are likely due to environmental factors.
Men tend to score higher than women on mental rotation tasks.
Sarah is 5-years-old and was just told that the world is round.
When Sarah thinks of the world as both flat and round, like a coin, she has __________ the new information.
When Sarah thinks of the world as round like a ball, she has _____________ the new information.
assimilated; accommodated
Lacey showed Oscar two of the same glasses with the exact same amount of fluid in each. While Oscar watched, Lacey then poured the fluid of one of the glasses into a taller, narrower glass and then asked “Which one has more?”. Oscar then answered: “The tall glass.” What ability is Oscar failing to show?
Conservation
Match the following example with the stage of Kohlberg’s moral development.
A chimpanzee who refuses a grape until the other chimpanzee receives a grape is showing __________.
Animals that cooperate with other animals in an experiment only because they get a reward when they do is showing _________.
A person chooses to give money to a beggar only when in front of their new boyfriend is showing ________.
Answer 1
post-conventional morality
Answer 2
pre-conventional morality
Answer 3
conventional morality
A child understands that by judging that even though one line of 5 pennies is spread out more than the other line of 5 pennies, they are still the same. This child is demonstrating ________.
conservation
A baby finds peek-a-boo the most awesome game ever, because every time they close their eyes, the whole world disappears. The baby lacks ___________.
Object permanence
