Midterm 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 ways of knowing?
intuition, deduction, authority, observation
What is intuition?
i know its true because it makes sense (ex: logic, street smarts)
what is tenacity?
i know it’s true because it’s always been that way
what is authority?
i know its true because the bible, Koran, President, etc tell me it’ts true
what is science?
it’s true insofar as measurable evidence from reliable instruments verify it repeatedly
what 2 types of science is psychology considered
physical and social science
the 6 core influences in the ecological systems theory
(from outside to in)
1. chronosystem (development, time)
2. macrosystem
(social and cultural values)
3. exosystem
(indirect environment)
4. mesosystem
(connections)
5. microsystem
(immediate environment)
6. person
Invested parties in the macrosystem
political dynamics, economic systems, institutional influences
invested parties in the exosystem
parents’ workplaces, extended family cohesion, neighborhood resources
invested parties in the mesosystem
home and school, peers and family, family and church
invested parties in the microsystem
home, daycare, school, peers, teachers, social workers, therapists, psychologists
invested parties in a person
genetics, temperament, learning abilities, neurologists, pediatricians, psychiatrists, other practitioners
how many pages does DSM-5 devote to substance related addicted disorders
107 pages
how many addictive disorders are in DSM-5
40 different disorders
main categories of addictive disorders
- alcohol related
- caffeine related
- cannabis related
- hallucinogen related
- inhalant related
- opioid related
- sedative, hypotonic, or anxiolytic related
- stimulant related
- tobacco related
- other substance related
- non substance related
- gambling disorder
what do the DSM addiction categories focus on and what do they exclude
they focus on specific substances used but do not consider the etiopathophysiology
What is substance abuse?
Maladaptive use of substances which cause impairment or distress:
-School/job problems
-Family dysfunction
-Criminal problems (e.g., a DUI)
-Recurrent use in hazardous situations (e.g., driving drunk)
what is substance dependence
essential feature of substance dependence is a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that individual use of the substance despite significant substance related problems. there is a pattern of repeated self admin that can result in tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug taking behavior
Tolerance Characteristics
- a need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect
- markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance
withdrawal characteristics
- the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance (ex: for cocaine; increased sadness, fatigue, appetite)
- the same or closely related substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms (ex: for alcohol; benzodiazepines (ex Xanax) might be substituted)
Although conceptually more sensible, there are no clean lines between_____________________?
1) heavy use
2) abuse
3) dependence
so differential diagnosis is unreliable
In class we focus on the ___________________ approach but what are other factors that play a role in addiction
- neuroscientific approach
- other factors include environments, families, neighborhood context, and sociopolitical influences along with biological vulnerabilities
Lifetime prevalence percentages of drug abuse and dependence
8% for abuse
3% for dependence
what is the ratio for people that will experience some form of substance use disorder in their lifetime?
1 in 7