Midterm 1

Question 1

Aspartic Acid

Answer 1

Asp, negative polar

Question 2

Glutamic Acid

Answer 2

Glu, negative polar

Question 3

Arginine

Answer 3

Arg, positive polar

Question 4

Lysine

Answer 4

Lys, positive polar

Question 5

Histidine

Answer 5

His, positive polar

Question 6

Aspargine

Answer 6

Asn, uncharged polar

Question 7

Glutamine

Answer 7

Gln, uncharged polar

Question 8

Serine

Answer 8

Ser, uncharged polar

Question 9

Threonine

Answer 9

Thr, uncharged polar

Question 10

Tyrosine

Answer 10

Tyr, uncharged polar

Question 11

Alanine

Answer 11

Ala, nonpolar

Question 12

Glycine

Answer 12

Gly, nonpolar

Question 13

Valine

Answer 13

Val, nonpolar

Question 14

Leucine

Answer 14

Leu, nonpolar

Question 15

Isoleucine

Answer 15

Ile, nonpolar

Question 16

Proline

Answer 16

Pro, nonpolar

Question 17

Phenylalanine

Answer 17

Phe, nonpolar

Question 18

Methionine

Answer 18

Met, nonpolar

Question 19

Tryptophan

Answer 19

Trp, nonpolar

Question 20

Cysteine

Answer 20

Cys, nonpolar

Question 21

Shape of protein is determined by?

Answer 21

Its amino acid sequence

Question 22

Each proteins starts with?

Answer 22

An amino group (NH3+) called the N-Terminus

Question 23

Each protein ends with?

Answer 23

A carboxyl group (COO-) called the C-Terminus

Question 24

Proteins are generally folded into…

Answer 24

the conformation with the lowest energy

Question 25

The 3 types of noncovalent bonds involved in folding:

Answer 25

hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, van derWaals attractions

Question 26

True or False? Denatured proteins can refold into their original conformations.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Primary Structure

Answer 27

the linear amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain

Question 28

Secondary Structure

Answer 28

partial 3D shape of the regions in proteins e.g. alpha helices, beta sheets

Question 29

Tertiary structure

Answer 29

the entire 3D structure of a single protein molecule

Question 30

Quaternary structure

Answer 30

for proteins that form multi-molecule complexes of more than one polypeptide chain - describes how the molecules are packed together

Question 31

Protein domains form...

Answer 31

fundamental units in the structure of a protein

Question 32

ATP and NADH/NADPH are examples of...

Answer 32

activated carrier molecules

Question 33

ATP hydrolysis is used to drive...

Answer 33

unfavorable reactions

Question 34

What can motor proteins do by using energy provided by ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 34

They can "walk" along cytoskeletal elements

Question 35

Central Dogma of Biology

Answer 35

DNA -- (transcription) --> RNA -- (translation) --> protein

Question 36

DNA Replication is semi-conservative meaning that...

Answer 36

Only part of the original strand remains

Question 37

DNA is synthesized in the ___ to ___ direction?

Answer 37

5' to 3' direction

Question 38

DNA Polymerase synthesizes DNA by adding a...

Answer 38

deoxynucleotide to its 3' end

Question 39

At the replication fork, the two DNA strands being replicated are of _______ polarities?

Answer 39

Opposite

Question 40

At each replication fork, the lagging strand is...

Answer 40

synthesized in pieces

Question 41

DNA Polymerase checks for ____(s) that occur during replication

Answer 41

Errors

Question 42

___ ____ synthesized by DNA Primase are required for the initiation of DNA synthesis.

Answer 42

RNA Primers, these are later removed

Question 43

DNA ____ seals _____ fragments synthesized during DNA replication

Answer 43

Ligase, Okazaki

Question 44

DNA transcription produces a _____-stranded RNA that is ______ to on strand of DNA

Answer 44

single, complimentary

Question 45

Function of mRNA

Answer 45

messenger RNAs, code for proteins

Question 46

Function of rRNA

Answer 46

ribosomal RNAs, form the basic structure of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis

Question 47

Function of tRNA

Answer 47

transfer RNAs, central to protein synthesis as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids

Question 48

Function of snRNA

Answer 48

small nuclear RNA, function in a variety of nuclear processes, including the splicing of pre-mRNA

Question 49

Function of snoRNA

Answer 49

small nucleolar RNA, used to process and chemically modify rRNAs

Question 50

Eukaryotic genes have ____ and ____.

Answer 50

introns and exons

Question 51

In eukaryotes, RNA is spliced...

Answer 51

after transcription

Question 52

Some genes have alternative splicing schemes to produce...

Answer 52

different proteins from the same DNA sequence