Midterm 1

Question 1

What is the equation for Linear Thermal Expansion?

Answer 1

ΔL = α L(0) ΔT
ΔL = Change in Length
L(0) = Original Temperature
α = Coefficeint of Linear Expansion
ΔT = Change in Temperature

Question 2

What is the equation for Volume Thermal Expansion?

Answer 2

ΔV = β V(0) ΔT
ΔV = Change in Volume
V(0) = Original Volume
β= Coefficeint of Volume Expansion
ΔT = Change in Temperature

Question 3

What is meant by an equation of state?

Answer 3

A mathematical relation between variables in a thermodynamic system.

Question 4

What are the equations of state for an ideal gas?

Answer 4

P V = n R T = N k(b) T
P = Pressure
V = Volume
n = Number of moles
N = Number of atoms
R = Gas constant
k(b) = Boltzman Constant
T = Temperature

Question 5

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 5

P ∝ 1/V
Constant n and T

Question 6

What is Charles’ Law?

Answer 6

V ∝ T
Constant n and P

Question 7

What is Avagadro’s Law?

Answer 7

V ∝ n
Constant P and T

Question 8

What is meant by Isotherm?

Answer 8

Path with constant temperature

Question 9

What is meant by Isobar?

Answer 9

Path with constant pressure

Question 10

What is meant by Isochoric?

Answer 10

Path with constant volume

Question 11

When is the ideal gas equation valid?

Answer 11

When:
No interparticle reactions.
Particle velocities are non-relativistic.
Interparticle distance is greater than compton wave length.
High Temp
Low presssure

Question 12

What is trhe Van der wall equation of state?

Answer 12

(P + (an)/V²) ( V- Nb) = nRT
nb = Volume of particle
an/V² = Interparticle Reaction

Question 13

What is the Virial equation of state?

Answer 13

(PV)/(nRT) = 1 + B(1) (n/V) + B(2) (n/V)² ….

Question 14

What is STP?

Answer 14

Standard Room Temperature and Pressure.
0°C = 273.15K
1 bar = 100kPa

Question 15

What is RTP?

Answer 15

Room Temperature and Pressure.
25°C = 298.15K
101kPa

Question 16

What is 1cal equivalent to?

Answer 16

1 cal = 4.186J
1 Kcal = 4186J

Question 17

What is the equation for Specific Heat Capacity?

Answer 17

Q = m c ΔT
Q = heat required to change temp of a certain mass.
m = mass
c = specific heat capacity
ΔT = Change in temp

Question 18

What is the equation for infintesimally small changes in temp for Specific Heat Capacity?

Answer 18

dQ = m c dt

Question 19

What is the equation for Conduction Heat Transfer?

Answer 19

H = dQ/dt = K A (Th - Tc)/L
H = heat current (W)
K = Thermal conductivity of Material
A = Cross sectional area
Th = Hotter temp
Tc = Colder temp
L = length of rod

Question 20

What is the equation for Thermal Resistance?

Answer 20

Rth = L/(KA)
H = Rth (T2-T1)
Rth = Thermal Resistance (K W^-1)
K = Thermal Resitance
A = Cross sectional area

Question 21

What is the equation for Heat Transfer through Radiation?

Answer 21

H = A e σ T^4
H = Heat Transfer
A = Surface area
e = emistivity (0 ideal reflector –> 1 ideal absorber)
σ = Stefan Boltzmann constant
T = Temperature

Question 22

what is the equation for Thermal Energy of an Ideal gas?

Answer 22

U = 3/2 N k(b) T = 3/2 n R T
U = Energy
N = Number of atoms
n = Number of moles
k(b) = Boltzmann Constant
R = Gas constant
T = Temperature

Question 23

What is the equation for the RMS velocity?

Answer 23

v(RMS) = ((3 k(b) T)/m)^0.5 = ((3 R T)/M)^0.5
v(RMS) = Root mean square velocity
k(b) = Boltzmann constant
T = Temperature
m = Mass
M = Molecular mass
R = Gas constant

Question 23

What is the equation for the Average Kinetic Energy of a Gas Molecule for an ideal gas?`

Answer 23

1/2 m <v²> = 3/2 k(b) T
m = mass
<v²> = Average squared Velocity
k(b) = Boltmann constant
T = Temperature

Question 24

What is Heat Capacity per mole of a Monatomic Ideal gas?

Answer 24

3R/2 = Cv = 12.47 J K^-1 mol^-1
R = Gas constant
Cv = Amount of heat absorbed / emitted per unit of a substance at constant volume

Question 25

What is the Heat Capacity per mole of a Diatomic Ideal gas?

Answer 25

5R/2 = Cv = 20.79 J K^-1 mol^-1
R = Gas constant
Cv = Amount of heat absorbed / emitted per unit of a substance at constant volume

Question 26

What is the Heat Capacity of an Ideal Gas?

Answer 26

U = 1/2 v N k(b) T = 1/2 v n R T
U = Energy
v = degrees of freedom
N = Number of atoms
k(b) = Boltzmaan constant
T = Temperature
n = Number of moles
R = Gas constant