Midterm 1 Flashcards
What percentage of your brain do you use?
100%!!
How much does the brain weigh
3lbs and 2% of body weight
How much caloric intake do our brains take
20%
What is encoding
Getting information into memory
Focused attention, better encoding, better memory
Should you change your answers?
Depends if you know the material
Levels of psychological analysis
Social culture influences, psychological, biological
What is social culture analysis
Social or behavioural level
Relating to others and personal relationships
What is psychological analysis
Mental or neurological level
Thoughts, feelings, emotions
What is biological analysis
Molecular or neurochemical level
Involves molecules and brain structure
5 challenges of psychology (hb, pi, Id, ie, c)
Human behaviour, psychological influences, individual differences, influence each other, culture
Why is human behaviour a challenge
Hard to predict
Why are psychological influences a challenge
Rarely independent
Why are individual differences a challenge
We our thinking, emotions, personalities, and behaviours are different
Why is our influence on each other a challenge
Or reciprocal determination
We don’t know what causes what
Why is culture a challenge
Culture shapes behaviour
What are two biases
Confirmation bias, disconfirming bias
What is belief perseverance
Stick to our initial belief despite evidence
3 main processes of memory
Encoding, storage, retrieval
3 types of memory
Sensory, short term, long term
What is a mnemonic
Learning aid
What is a schema
Organized knowledge
How do we measure memory
Recall, recognition, relearning
Four factors that that give perception profiling is effective
Availability heuristic- media reports wins
Base rate information
Pt Barnum effect- general or vague characteristics
Expertise heuristic- we trust “experts”
Name 3 fallacies
Emotional reasoning fallacy- emotions used to validate claim
Bandwagon fallacy- believing because everyone believes
Not me fallacy- believing we’re immune
Name the 6 scientific principles
Rule out rival hypothesis
Correlation vs causation
Falsibility
Replicability
Extraordinary claims
Occams razor
What is falsibilty
Can be tested
Capable of being disconfirmed
Occams razor
Select simpler of two explanations
What is structuralism and who founded it
Basic elements of experience
E.B. Titchner
What is functionalism and who founded it
Understand thoughts, feelings, and behaviour
William James
What is behaviourism and who founded it
General principles of learning
John Watson and B.F. Skinner
What is cognitivism and who founded it
Mental behaviour
Jean Piaget
Ulric Neisser
What is psychoanalysis and who founded it
Psychological processes and behaviour
Sigmund Freud
Two debates of psychology
Nature vs nurture
Free will
What is a heuristic
Mental shortcuts
What is random assignment
Sorting participants into two groups
Positive correlation
As one goes up, the other goes up
Negative correlation
As one goes up, the other goes down
Is happiness determined by internal or external circumstances?
Internal circumstances
What is REB
Research’s ethics board
