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TERM 1 N1160 SKILLS 1 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for procedures used to reduce and prevent spread of microorganisms?

A

Medical asepsis / clean technique

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2
Q

Name 6 links in the chain of infection

A
  1. Infectious agent 2. Reservoirs 3. Portal of exit 4. Means of transmission 5. Portal of entry 6. Susceptible host
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3
Q

Name 3 examples of reservoirs

A
  1. People 2. Equipment 3. Water
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4
Q

Name 5 conditions that make a host susceptible

A
  1. Immunosuppression 2. Diabetes 3. Surgery 4. Burns 5. Elderly
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5
Q

How do we break the link of the infectious agent?

A

Rapid accurate identification of organisms

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6
Q

What are 3 ways to break the chain of reservoirs?

A
  1. Employee health 2. Environmental sanitation 3. Disinfection/sterilization
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7
Q

What are 2 ways to break the chain of portal of exit?

A
  1. Control of bodily fluids (e.g. excretions and secretions) 2. Cover sneeze/cough
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8
Q

What are 5 ways to break the chain of means of transmission?

A
  1. Hand washing 2. Sanitation 3. Sterilization 4. Isolation 5. Air flow control
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9
Q

What are 4 ways to break the chain of portal of entry?

A
  1. Aseptic technique 2. Maintain skin integrity 3. Catheter care 4. Wound care
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10
Q

What are 3 ways to break the chain of susceptible host?

A
  1. Recognition of high risk patients 2. Treatment of underlying disease 3. Encourage healing processes
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11
Q

Name 5 major modes of microorganism transmission

A
  1. Contact 2. Droplet 3. Airborne 4. Vehicle 5. Vector
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12
Q

Name 5 of the body’s normal defense mechanisms against infection

A
  1. Skin 2. Fluids 3. Cilia 4. Flora 5. Inflammatory response
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13
Q

What kind of substances cause fever?

A

Pyrogens

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14
Q

What is the difference between disinfection and sterilization?

A

Sterilization destroys all pathogens including spores.

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15
Q

What are 2 components of body balance?

A
  1. Centre of gravity 2. Base of support
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16
Q

What is the term for the difference between heat produced by the body and heat lost to the environment?

A

Body temperature

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17
Q

What is the term for the temperature of structures deep within the body?

A

Core temperature

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18
Q

What is the term for the balance of temperature via physiological mechanisms?

A

Thermoregulation

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19
Q

Name some physiological mechanisms for body heat loss (4)

A
  1. Sweating 2. Vasodilation 3. Inhibition of heat production 4. Blood sent to surface of body
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20
Q

Name some physiological mechanisms for body heat conservation (3)

A
  1. Vasoconstriction 2. Voluntary muscle contraction 3. Shivering
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21
Q

What process creates heat as a by product?

A

Metabolism

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22
Q

Name 5 ways heat is lost

A
  1. Radiation 2. Conduction 3. Convection 4. Evaporation 5. Diaphoresis
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23
Q

What are some factors that affect a person’s ability to detect temperature changes and voluntarily control their own body temperature?

A
  1. Degree of temperature extreme 2. Sensation 3. Cognitive ability 4. Physical ability
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24
Q

What is the term for the amount of blood entering the aorta with each ventricular contraction?

A

Stroke volume

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25
Q

What is the term for the volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute?

A

Cardiac output

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26
Q

What is the term for the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells?

A

Respiration

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27
Q

What is the term for the movement of gases in and out of the lungs?

A

Ventilation

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28
Q

What is the term for the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and red blood cells?

A

Diffusion

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29
Q

What is the term for the distribution of red blood cells to and from pulmonary capillaries?

A

Perfusion

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30
Q

What is the term for the amount of air inhaled in a normal breath?

A

Tidal volume

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31
Q

What is the normal temperature range for an adult?

A

36-38 degrees

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32
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for an adult?

A

60-100 bpm

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33
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

A

10-20 breaths/min

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34
Q

How is pulse pressure calculated?

A

Systolic minus diastolic

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35
Q

If a patient’s heart rate rises without heart contractility or blood volume rising, what will happen to the blood pressure?

A

Decrease

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36
Q

If a patient’s blood vessel elasticity is low, what would be the expected effect on blood pressure?

A

Increase

37
Q

What are the 3 terms used to describe respiration depth?

A

Shallow, normal, and deep

38
Q

What colour tip should be attached for taking an oral or axillary temperature?

A

Blue

39
Q

What colour tip should be attached for taking a rectal temperature?

A

Red

40
Q

What directions is the pinna pulled while taking an tympanic temperature?

A

Back, up, and out

41
Q

What 3 places is the probe swept while taking a temporal temperature?

A

Center of forehead, into hairline, on neck behind ear

42
Q

Where is the temporal pulse located?

A

Temple

43
Q

Where is the facial pulse located?

A

Jaw

44
Q

Where is the carotid pulse located?

A

Neck

45
Q

Where is the brachial pulse located?

A

Antecubital space

46
Q

Where is the radial pulse located?

A

Wrist

47
Q

Where is the femoral pulse located?

A

Upper thigh/groin

48
Q

Where is the popliteal pulse located?

A

Behind knee

49
Q

Where is the posterial tibial pulse located?

A

Inner ankle

50
Q

Where is the pedal pulse located?

A

Top of foot

51
Q

What direction should the patient’s palm be when taking a radial pulse?

A

Down

52
Q

Name the 5 stages of infection

A
  1. Incubation 2. Prodromal 3. Illness 4. Decline 5. Convalescence
53
Q

What is the term for the stage of infection after incubation and before symptoms occur?

A

Prodromal

54
Q

What is the term for the stage of infection where the immune system mounts a successful defense against the pathogen, but the patient is still at risk for secondary infection?

A

Decline

55
Q

What is the term for hospital and community acquired infections?

A

Nosocomial

56
Q

What is the difference between endogenous and exogenous infections?

A

Endogenous: the person becomes infected by their own body’s bacteria
Exogenous: the person becomes infected by bacteria from the environment

57
Q

What percentage of muscle strength is lost per day in a patient on bed rest?

A

3%

58
Q

Raising the arm to the side and overhead with palms facing out is called what?

A

Shoulder abduction

59
Q

Lowering the arm sideways and across the body is called what?

A

Shoulder adduction

60
Q

Moving the arm with elbow flexed until the thumb is pointing down is called what?

A

Shoulder internal rotation

61
Q

Moving the arm with elbow flexed until thumb points up is called what?

A

Shoulder external rotation

62
Q

Touching the thumb to each finger is called what?

A

Opposition

63
Q

Name the 5 steps of the Langara DMF

A
  1. Coming to know 2. Salience 3. Pattern recognition 4. Healing initiatives 5. Reflection praxis
64
Q

Name 6 components of cultural competency and cultural safety

A
  1. Postcolonialism 2. Communication 3. Inclusivity 4. Respect 5. Indigenous knowledge 6. Mentoring and supporting students
65
Q

What is the term for determining what is most important in a situation?

A

Salience

66
Q

What are the components of a mind map outline? (4)

A
  1. Health challenge 2. Signs/symptoms 3. Non-pharmacological treatments 4. Nursing considerations
67
Q

What is the most important outcome of a nursing healing initiative?

A

Patient empowerment

68
Q

What is the term for the inability to dorsiflex or evert the foot due to peroneal nerve damage?

A

Foot drop

69
Q

Define ankyl(o)

A

crooked, curved

70
Q

Define brachy-

A

short

71
Q

Define iatr(o)

A

doctor

72
Q

Define mening(o)

A

membranes

73
Q

Define myel(o)

A

marrow

74
Q

Define -opsy

A

examination

75
Q

Define -penia

A

deficiency

76
Q

Define pharyng(o)

A

throat

77
Q

Define presby-

A

elder

78
Q

Define proct(o)

A

anus

79
Q

Define pyel(o)

A

renal pelvis

80
Q

Define rachi(o)

A

spine

81
Q

Define rhe-

A

flow

82
Q

Define spondyl(o)

A

vertebra

83
Q

Define sten(o)

A

Narrow

84
Q

Define gtt

A

drop

85
Q

Define NAS

A

intranasal

86
Q

Define GT

A

gastrostomy tube

87
Q

What is a normal range for systolic blood pressure?

A

120-139 mmHg

88
Q

What is the normal range for diastolic blood pressure?

A

80-89 mmHg

89
Q

What is the normal range for pulse pressure?

A

30-50 mmHg

TERM 1 N1160 SKILLS 1 (2 decks)

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