midterm 1 Flashcards
how many cm are in 1inch
2.54
how many cm is the near pd?
40
how many cm is inter pd?
60
what is the measurements for distance pd?
infinite
where do you look first when adjusting a frame?
the face front
what is the origin of the frame
the bridge
2 facial complexions
warm: golden and peaches and cream
cool: blue or pinks
name and describe all the facial shapes
DORITOS
diammond- wide cheek bones and narrow jaw and forehead
oblong- longer than it is wide
round- height and width appear equal
inverted triangle- wide forehead narrow chin
triangle- narrow forehead and wide jaw
oval- chin slightly narrow than forehead and cheekbones are high. most common face shape
square- tall as it is wide
what are all the frame shape alignments and describe them
- frame shape alignment- general frame shape
- proper face form- from the center of the lens out, the curve of the frame should be approx 5%
- skewed bridge- both lenses are not the same height. (describe picture)
- variant planes (coplanar alignment)- one lens sits closer to the eye than the other (describe picture)
- x-ing: the bridge is twisted (describe picture)
- check for temple bows and bends!
- pantoscopic tilt- the curve of the frame should be 10-15 degrees. (describe picture)
- open temple spread (let back angle)- this is the angle the open temples form in relationship to the front of the frame
- temple fold angle- temples should be adjusted to form a straight line when in a closed position
- Temple bends- the temple mastoid should be 45 degrees down and 15 degrees in.
- 4 point touch- should be done upside down first. alll 4 points of a frame should touch the surface evenly.
reasons why a frame might sit leaning to one side of a patients face
- xing
2.pantoscopic tilt - there could be be some bows and bends
optyl (plastic)
has no core wire on temples. a liquid resin and a hardner are mixed together to create the frame
PROS- very flexible and is appropriate for patients when they’re allergic to other frame materials
CONS- brittle and easy to break
cellulose acetate (plastic)
most common and popular frame material. made from short fiber of the cotton seed.
Pros- easy to work with and limitless colors
cons- plasticizers in frame can cause allergic reactions
difference between pantoscopic tilt and angle
panto tilt: deals with lens
panto angle: frame
When looking at a face shape, where do the dots usual line on the face?
by the brows, cheeks, and jaw
in a general frame shape, what should a frame do?
should enhance and counter balance any frame shape that isn’t oval
what style is best for a diamond face shape?
square frames, frames with straight top and rounded bottom
line bifocal should measure…
lower lid margin
trifocals should measure….
lower pupil margin
measure for progressive lenses…
middle of the pupil
what is the most popular frame material?
cellulose acetate
how many cm is the pupil to lower lid margin?
4-5cm
but maybe 5
which frame material can be damaged by alcohol?
cellulose acetate
cellulose propionate
nylon
polyamide
cellulose propionate
to raise or fix one side of the frame, what should be done or checked
pantoscopic tilt
temple bows or bends
x-ing
cross swords is another word for
closing angle position
the back of the spherical lens is called
ocular curve
measure front of the spherical single vision lens is called
base curve
2 types of temple tips for metal and plastic frames
metal: comfort cable
plastic: riding bow
how many mm is from middle of pupil to lower pupil margin?
2mm
what styles is best for an oval face shape?
almost any style works well
what styles fits a round face shape?
frames with colored and high temples makes the face look longer, consider slightly curved and soft square frames
what style fits an inverted triangle face shape?
round on top and squared at the bottom frames. slightly curved frames
what style fits a triangle face shape?
recommend mid to high temple styles, square frames, aviators, rimless bottoms
what style fits an oblong face shape?
low temples and bridges. round, deep, square frames.
what style fits a square face shape?
slightly angular shapes with curved corners. frames with weight on top.
What are the insets?
1.0: less than or equal to 57
1.5: 58-61
2.0: 62-64
2.5: 65-67
3.0: greater than or equal to 68
to check for temple parallelism, what do you do?
table top test (4 point touch)
nose pad alignments (describe pictures for both).
- horizontal plane alignment- make sure the top of the nose bars are the same. First nose pad adjustment
- frontal angle- view from the front of the frame. alignment should be about 20 degrees.
- splay angle- should be seen from top view. this angle deals with the sloping of the sides of the nose. bench alignment should be 25-30 degrees
- vertical angle- nose pads would be adjusted with a reverse 15 degrees. This would give the notepad the appearance that the bottom of the pad is closer to the eye wire than the top of the pad.
describe and name 3 hand tools
• nose pad pliers: helps to adjust nose pads.
• angling pliers: used to pantoscopic angle adjustments and temple fold angle.
• round half-paded pliers- can be helpful when decreasing or increasing open temple spread.
monel
an alloy composed of up to 67% nickel, 30% copper, and 2% iron. Popular frame material in 60s and 70s.
PRO: affordable, strong and thin
CON: nickel in monel is corrosive and can cause allergic skin reaction.
Titanium
one of the most used metal frame material. Is ersatile and abundant material
PRO: strong, light and hypoallergenic
CON: difficult to adjust and titanium can be costly.
stainless steel
one of the most popular eyewear materials. Mainly made from iron and chrome. An alloy of steel that is highly resistant to corrosion.
PRO: strong, thin, and durable.
CON: very difficult to adjust.
the temple design most commonly found on a frame that bends behind the ear
skull temple
first plastic material (zylinte) that was dangerous and flammable?
cellulose nitrate
what is the common semi synthetic plastic material used today, with its many benefits used today like adjustability and vast variety of colors.?
cellulose acetate
what is thermo plastic, that is brittle and cold but bends very easily with heat?
optyl
frame material that is strong, lightweight, hypoallergenic but expensive. Considered to be most premier
titanium
most common alloy frame used today made from copper, iron, nickel, and traces of other elements
monel
in a bench aligned frame, the frame wrap or face form should be approx
5%
on a bench aligned frame, the open temple spread or let back angle should be approximately how many degrees
90 degrees
coplanar alignment is also known as
variant planes
what is term known as twisted the bridge
x-ing
On a bench aligned frame, the nose pads frontal angle should be about
20 degrees
the most often overlooked nose pad adjustment on a metal frame
the vertical
in general frame shape should do what to facial structure
enhance and counterbalance
easiest way to determine face shape is to assign dots to the
brows, cheeks, and jaw
what is considered the most ideal face shape
oval
what should you do when styling round faces
make the face appear longer and thinner
how to style square faces
more oval and curved
how to style an inverted triangle, should avoid what frame
try not to draw attention to the forehead
what is a typical frame that you would avoid for “peaches and cream”skin tone (warm)
shiny and silver
if the frame appears slightly narrow on the patient what should you do?
increase let back angle (open temple spread)
if you want to make the right side of the frame closer to the eye, what can they do?
decrease the open temple spread
if you wanted to raise the left side of a frame, what can you do
panto tilt
if optician wants to lower one side of the frame but no end piece adjust can be made, what should you do
temple bow up or down
if the optician wanted to raise the entire frameC what should you don
the guard arms
safest way adjust a plastic frame
hands and heat
safest way to adjust a metal frame
brace and bend
best 2 hand tools for brace and bend
half padded and double padded pliers
what hand tools are best for pantoscopic angle and closing angle djustment
wide angling pliers
what handstools are safest to use on plastic frames to adjust panto and temple fold angle
wide angling pliers
what is the number you should set in the pupilometer for an intermediate
60
what else can a crp be used to measure pd
what pd measure should you use for progressive
monocular distance
what pd measurement is used for lined bifocal
binocular distance /2
what is the measurement of a blended bifocal
1mm higher
the tool used to drive out rivets on a riveting hinge repair, is called what
distaking tools
when replacing a nylon cord mount ridgeless frame, the optician should also inspect
figure 8 upper line
when shortening temple tips, 3 situations were shown, all shortening the core wire. But scenario 3 also did what
cutting the plastic temple tip too
the patient complains of a narrow field of reading in a progressive and all the measurements seem accurate. The optician could
start with a monocular near, add the manufactures inset and create a new distance pd and order new lenses
if the patients complains of a mark or pain on the left side of the nose, what should you do
check and decrease the opposite bend and check the splay.
if a patient complains of the lashes hitting the frame, what should the optician do
decrease and flatten face form, increase vertex distance with the nose pads and guard arms, increase panto angle. (all of the above)
if a myopic complained of a fishbowl effect, what should an optician do
decrease face form and vertex distance
what would the pantoscopic tilt look like when a bench aligned frame that was not custom adjusted, if the bridge is higher than the top of the ears.
orthoscopic tilt or slight retro
