Midterm 1 Flashcards
Who are Achilleus’ parents?
His father is a mortal man (Peleus)
His mother is the goddess Thetis
Who was Achilleus’ closest friend?
Patroclus
How and why did Patroclus die?
Patroclus was wearing Achilleus’ armour in an attempt to trick the Trojans into thinking he was Achilleus. The Trojans sent their best fighter, Hektor and he killed Patroclus.
What was shown as a sign of victory over a defeated warrior
Taking the defeated warriors armour as a trophy
How did Achilleus get new armour?
His mother called in a favour with Hephaestus
What does Achilleus do when he finds Hektor
pokes holes through the back of Hektors tendons and puts rope through them. He then drags Hektors’s dead body throughout the city every day for years.
Who do the gods send to retrieve Hektors dead body
Hektors father, Priam
What kind of relationship do humans and gods have?
They have a relationship based on reciprocity
(True/false) Greeks cared very much about antithesis (something and its opposite) and didn’t care much about the in-between.
True
What is the Agora?
The marketplace or public gathering space
What is a Philos (plural: Philoi)
Friends/people you’re close to
What is time (pronounced Tee-meh)
Honour based on recognition of your worth/value
What is Agonism
Competition (often athletic competition)
What is an Ekhthros (plural: Ekhthroi)
your enemy. Someone you are actively trying to harm (not always physical, could be social)
What is Aidos
Shame
How did Agonism benefit Athenian society?
The constant competition between the rich led to better festivals and allowed aspects of Athenian culture that required money to thrive
What is the Ekklesia?
The citizen’s assembly
How did Agonism manifest itself in Athenian society?
Drama (plays)
Athletics
Gifts
Marriage
Hunting
Jury courts
War
Agriculture/economy
Who were a persons Philoi?
-Family
-Friend
-Spouse (and their family)
-Associates (business, political, military, etc)
-Gods (not between gods and individual humans but between gods and groups of humans, like -city-states)
What is Phthonos?
Resentment/envy
What values were opposed to Agonism
Phthonos
Philoi
When did Plato live?
429-347 BCE
When did Socrates live?
469-399 BCE
In what rank did Socrates serve in the Athenian army?
Hoplite
What is a hoplite?
Lots of equipment, and heavily armed soldiers.
What family did Socrates have?
A wife-Xanthippe and 2 sons who amounted to nothing
When was Socrates chosen by lot to lead the citizens’ assembly?
406-405 BCE
When was the introduction of the Democratic constitution
508/7BCE
When was Socrates accused of impiety and corrupting the youth
399 BCE
How did Socrates die?
Poisonm ingestion
What is logos?
Reason/logic
What is a Turranos?
One man that tries to establish himself as the ruler of the people by force (came to power outside of the law)
What is an oligarchy?
(Rule by a few) But still a citizen assembly that would allow the new laws/rules by the upper elite to become law.
What is an Arkhon
Ruler or one with authority (similar to king)
What is the Boule (Boo-ley)
The council that helped the Arkhon rule. also known as the Council of the Areopagos
What is Demos
The people of Athens
What is Isonomia
Equality under the law / equal access to the law
When was the archaic period of Greece?
900-500 BCE
When was Arkhon introduced and how could you become one
Arkhon was introduced around 680 BCE. You could become Arkhon by being elected, terms lasted one year
What was the Boule made up of
social and economic elite
Who is Kylon
He is the man who attempted to become Turranos between 640-620. He failed
Who wrote down the laws
a man named Drakon
Who was Solon
The man in charge of reconstructing the entire political and economical system
What did Solon do?
Removed debt slavery
Set up a court of appeals
Created a system where the wealthy as well as those who greatly benefited Athenian society could become Arkhon, or a member of the Boule, or Ekklesia
Who was the successful Turranos? How did they succeed
Pesistratos. Did this by getting the support of the people rather than the elite.
What did Pesistratos do while in power?
Put money into public building programs, giving jobs to many
Relieved the debts of poor Athenians
Expanded access to the law (created a travelling court of appeal)
When did Pesistratos die and who replaced him?
died in 522 BCE and was replaced by his son, Hippias (who was hated)
When and how did the Athenians get rid of Hippias
The Athenians partnered with Sparte and together they drove Hippias out in 510 BCE. Hippias took refuge in Persia
What were tribes/families/clans known as?
Phule / Phelai
Who created the demes of Attike
Kleisthenes
What are Poleis?
City-states
What were Athens and Sparte’s military strengths and weaknesses?
Athens had a powerful navy
Sparte had a powerful army
Who could be called up to fight in the army?
Anyone aged 18-60
What was the name of the alliance Athens made with other city-states (mainly other port cities)
The Delian League
Where was the Delian leagues headquarters located.
Delos
What aspects of the Delian League did Athens dominate?
The chair of the meetings was always Athenian
The treasury of the league was always an Athenian
The Strategos (strategist)m was an Athenian
What is Ostracism?
Ostracized means to be banished from Athens
If you were ostracized from Athens, you would be forced to leave for 10 years.
You would keep your citizenship and property
When was Themisokles ostracized from Athens? and what did he do after?
472 BCE. He later became an advisor to the Persian king.
When was Kimon ostracized?
461 BCE
What league was the Spartans part of
The Peloponnesian League
What was the purpose of the Peloponnesian league?
The league served as a defensive measure. All city-states in it would be allowed to manage their own resources.
If one city-state were to be put into war, the league would aid them and the military would be led by Sparte.
What types of people lived in ancient Greece
Citizens
Women
Slaves
Serfs
Perioikoi
Metics (Metoikoi)
Children
What is a Polites (Po-Lee-Tayz)
An Athenian citizen and you must be an adult male born of two Athenian parents.
What restrictions did women have in Athens?
Could not serve in the military, vote, own land.
Had the same legal status as children
Women COULD own jewelry, furniture, clothes
What is a kurios
a legal guardian (often the legal guardian of a woman or child)
What was an Oikos
The household
What was slave ownership like in Athens
Extremely common
Considered movable property
Most families owned 1-2 slaves
They could work in the house and help the wife
Most slaves worked on farms
Most slaves were skilled craftsmen that would work in workshops and be paid as the same rate as freemen
How could a slave be freed?
Slaves could buy their freedom
Could be released from slavery after their masters death
Once freed would be granted title of Metic
What is a Serf
A slave that is owned but could not be moved
A Serf belongs to the land
There were no Serfs in Attike, mainly Sparte
What is a Perioikoi?
Free people that were not granted citizenship (normally conquered people)
What is a Metic (Metoikoi)
Free non-citizens, former slaves
People who freely came to Athens
If you were registered as a Metic you had the same rights and regulations as citizens, with some exceptions.
What rights did Metics have
You could access the courts
You could freely live and do your business in Athens
Special taxes that only Metics had to pay
Responsible to serve in the army/navy
What are a Prostates (Pro-sta-teys)
An Athenian citizen that would sign documents on your behalf (for Metics)
What were the duties of children
It was the responsibility of the male child to care for their parents when they got older. It was mandated by law
It was the duty of the sons to manage and plan their parent’s funerals.
Sons would follow their father around and learn their trade
What would adoption be used for?
Adoption would be used to preserve ownership of land.
Was it unusual for girls to marry their paternal uncles or half-siblings to keep the property in the family
No
What is a Polis
Public domain (only for men)
What is an Idiotes?
Someone who refused to do public service (someone who worked solely private services)
Where was clouds first preformed?
festival for Dionysus
What was the city of Dionysia
A festival for Dionysus that would be run by the people of Athens.
A massive procession would go through town and end at the temple of Dionysus where plays would be put on and a chorus
How would festivals be judged?
There would be a panel of 10 judges comprised of strategoi from war.
When was Aristophanes born and when did he die?
Born around 457
Died around 385
What was the Athenians tactics against Sparte?
They would attack and siege via naval battles but if Sparte ever attacked on land they would do nothing to defend, because they knew they’d lose. They’d lock themselves up in the walled city and wait it out.
When was a truce reached for the first Peloponnesian war
421 BCE
What is a Sophist?
A craftsmen that was good at your craft
What is Rhetoric?
Persuasive speech, often taught by sophists
When was Pericles elected as strategoi
431
What was Pericles strategy to defend Athens
Treat Athens as an island. Bring all the citizens in Attike into the city (protected by walls) They control the water, so they can freely come in and out and they can just indefinitely wait out the Spartans.
How long would Sparte stay in Athens for siege
1.5 months was the longest, often less.
When did Pericles die and how?
died of the plague in 429
