Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HS 205 > MIDTERM 1 > Flashcards

MIDTERM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

epidemiology

A

study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states among specific populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

epidemic

A

occurrence of a disease in a community at a particular time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pandemic

A

disease that spreads across regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

endemic

A

disease present among a population at all times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

acute disease

A

less than 3 months
can be communicable or noncommunicable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chronic disease

A

longer than 3 months
can be communicable or noncommunicable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

communicable disease

A

biological agents and products are the cause of an illness

transmissible from an infected person or animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

noncommunicable disease

A

illness that cannot be transmitted from one person to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primary data source

A

collected specifically for a use in a process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

secondary data source

A

data has already been collected for some other purpose like insurance claims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

observational study

A

measure or survey for members of a sample without trying to affect them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

experimental study

A

assign people or things to groups and applies some treatment to one of the groups while the other does not receive treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chain of infection

A

pathogen-reservoir-portal of exit- transmission- portal of entry- establishment of infection in a new host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

primary prevention

A

forestall the onset of an illness or injury before the pathogenesis period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

secondary prevention

A

early diagnosis and treatment before a disease becomes advanced and disability is severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tertiary prevention

A

aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis

retrain, reeducate, and rehabilitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

social determinants of health

A

healthcare access and quality
neighborhood and environment
social and community context
economic stability
education access and quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

modifiable risk factor

A

can be changed: smoking, diet, exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

unmodifiable risk factor

A

cannot be changed: age, background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

10 essential services of public health

A
  1. assess and monitor population health
  2. investigate, diagnose, and address health hazards
  3. communicate effectively to inform and educate
  4. strengthen, support, and mobilize communities
  5. create a champion and implement policies, plans, and laws
  6. utilize legal and regulatory actions
  7. enable equitable access
  8. build a diverse and skilled workforce
  9. improve and innovate through evaluation, research, and quality improvement
  10. build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

compare and contrast health disparities and health inequities

A

health disparities: differences in the incidence and prevalence of health status and health conditions between groups

health inequities: systemic and unjust distribution of social, economic, and environmental conditions needed for health

health inequities cause health disparities and both prevent health equity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is health?

A

Health is a “dynamic state of complete physical, mental, spiritual, social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Explain the upstream approach

A

identifies what is causing health issues instead of just treating them when they occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Compare and contrast public health and clinical medicine

A

Medicine: primary focus on individual, diagnosis, and treatment, laboratory and bedside, uniform system, social sciences tend to be an elective part of medical education

Clinical Medicine: primary focus on population, prevention and health promotion, laboratory and field, variable, numeric sciences is an essential feature, social services is an integral part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

3 Core Public Health Functions

A
  1. assessment
  2. policy development
  3. assurance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the Quasi-Governmental Health Agency?

A

An agency that uses governmental tax funding along with donation money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

An example of the quasi-governmental health agency

A

American red cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The CDC is an example of what type of health agency?

A

Governmental health agency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Health screenings are considered at what level of prevention?

A

Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

Study of trends in a disease, where the disease occurs, and who the disease affects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why do we typically use rates in epidemiology?

A

Rates help us compare health problems among different populations that include two or more groups who differ by a selected characteristic

32
Q

Provide an example of an unavoidable difference

A

factor that cannot be changed
EX: Gender

33
Q

Equity vs Equality

A

Equity: everyone gets what they need
Equality: everyone gets the same thing

34
Q

Define health inequities

A

Health inequities are unjust social, economic, and environmental factors

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Physical factors affecting community health include geography, community size, and industrial development

A

TRUE

36
Q

The first professional preparation program for health educators began during which period of the 20th century?

A

The 1920s

37
Q

The beginning of the government’s major involvement in social issues, including health was marked by the

A

Social Security Act of 1935

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The leading cause of death in the United States today are communicable diseases

A

FALSE

39
Q

Actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur are termed

A

public health

40
Q

The goal of the Hill-Burton Act in 1946 was to enhance the quality of

A

hospitals

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Individuals with lower socioeconomic statues tend to have poorer health staus than individuals with higher socioeconomic status

A

TRUE

42
Q

The Shattuck report marked the beginning of the

A

modern era of public health

43
Q

Community health concerns of the 21st century include

A

lifestyle diseases, environmental problems, and healthcare delivery

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Choosing to eat wisely, wearing safe health, and visiting the physician are examples of community/public health activities

A

FALSE

45
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Public health systems are commonly defined as “all public, private, and voluntary entities that contribute to the delivery of essential public health services within a jurisdiction”

A

TRUE

46
Q

An example of a quasi-governmental health organization is

A

the national science foundation

47
Q

The 3 essential services of policy development include the following

A
  • inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
    -mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems
    -develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
48
Q

Agencies that are funded primarily through tax dollars are referred to as

A

governmental agencies

49
Q

nongovernmental health agencies are funded primarily by

A

private donations

50
Q

The contributions of religious groups to community health have been

A

substantial

51
Q

The public health system does not include

A

psychology of developmental stages

52
Q

Raising money to fund their programs, providing education, providing service to those affected, and advocating are the basic objectives of

A

voluntary health agencies

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in the host is pathogenicity

A

FALSE

54
Q

Osteoarthritis and diabetes are examples of

A

Chronic noncommunicable diseases

55
Q

One communicable disease has been eradicated. What was the disease?

A

Small pox

56
Q

Eating a healthy diet is an example of what level of prevention

A

Primary

57
Q

Appendicitis and poisoning are examples of

A

Acute noncommunicable diseases

58
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Drugs, pesticides, and food additives are examples of chemical agents

A

TRUE

59
Q

Chronic disease management programs are an example of what level of prevention?

A

Tertiary Prevention

60
Q

Diseases for which the reservoir resides in animal populations are called anthroponoses.

A

False; zoonosis

61
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: An attack rate is an incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak and is expressed as a percentage

A

TRUE

62
Q

All of the following illustrates the purpose of epidemiology in public health, except:

A

Providing treatment for patients in clinical settings

63
Q

The CRAAP Test is useful for

A

-finding current information
-understanding the importance of relevance
-helping you evaluate information you find

64
Q

An epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases traceable to multiple sources of exposure is a

A

propagated epidemic curve

65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The number of years of healthy life expected, on average, in a given population is the diability-adjusted life years (DALYs)

A

FALSE

66
Q

The group of cases in this specific time and place can be described as a

A

cluster

67
Q

The disease, the organism that harbors the disease, and the external factors that allow disease transmission is also known as

A

host, agent, environment

68
Q

Communicable vs noncommunicable

A

Communicable: infectious
Noncommunicable: non-infectious

69
Q

Malaria is present in Africa at all times. Malaria is an example of a

A

endemic disease

70
Q

The Ebola virus in parts of Africa is in excess of what is expected for this region. Ebola is a

A

epidemic

71
Q

What is community health?

A

A collective body of people identified by common characteristics

72
Q

What is population health?

A

Health outcomes of a group of people

73
Q

What is meant by downstream?

A

Act to change behaviors or conditions causing stress or poor health

74
Q

What are social determinants?

A

Conditions in the environment in which people are born live, work, play, worship, and age affect a wide range of health and quality of life outcomes

75
Q

What is a direct transmission?

A

immediate transfer of disease agent between the infected and susceptible people
ex: touching, biting, kissing, sex

76
Q

What is the indirect transmission?

A

Nonliving object by which agents are transferred to a susceptible host

HS 205 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions