Midterm 1 Flashcards
Well of Moses
-15th century Northern Europe
- Claus Sluter
~1400
- Patron: Philip the Bold
Commissioned as part of a Carthusian monastery
– Prayers of the Carthusians intended to shorten his time in purgatory
- Aristotle’s philosophy. Each of the parts is carefully analyzed and rendered, but the whole is not proportionate.
Deposition
Rogier Van der Weyden, ~1450
15th century Northern Europe
Patron: The Grand Guild of Crossbowmen
Imitates wooden sculptures of the time (brings wooden sculpture to life)
Naturalism. Puts you in the art. Formation of the soul through High emotion. (Man could be better).
Polyphony: one line sung and overlaid. The emotions of each character in the scene overlay.
Style of Medieval art (Jewels, bright colors).
Oil paint!
Jacob and Esau “Gates of Paradise”
Ghiberti, east baptistery rooms, c. 1435
15th Century Italy
Showing off 1 point perspective
Showing off aerial perspective
Sculpture vs Painting → Trying to become a Liberal Art
St. George
Donatello, ~1420
15th century Italy
Patron: The Guild of Armorers and Sword Makers
Platonic: Idealized proportions.
Real sword and helmet
Iconic more than narrative.
White to imitate Classics. (marble)
David
Donatello, ~1450
15th century Italy
Patron: The Medici family
Imitates the classics. Nude, stoic.
Bronze.
For the Medici Neoplatonic Academy→ Tried to reconcile classical learning with Christianity.
Why show David Naked?
Hat+boots = Hermes/Mercury
Declined Saul’s armor
Humility and heroism
David’s nakedness before God.
Palazzo Medici Riccardi
Michelozzo di Bartolommeo, Florence, begun 1445
15th century Italy
Mathematical, rhythmic (with number of windows increasing)
Simple on the outside
Overhanging cornice (protects people from the rain, keeps building from disintegrating)
Banking on lower level
Rusticated stones → dressed stones → Highly dressed stones
Madonna of the Rocks
Leonardo Da Vinci, c.1485
Italy, High Renaissance
Not worried about showing off perspective
Unity of color: Gold wash
Sfumato, Strong form, triangle composition.
Love of twisting figures
Tempieto
Donato Bramante: II, Church of S. Pietro in Montorio Rome, 1510
Patron: King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
Covers the martyrdom of St. Peter
Centrally planned → High renaissance LOVED this style
Call back to Classical world
Doric order, frieze, mish-mash of classical elements
“Temple” instead of “church.”
Mathematical and rhythmic
Creation of Adam
Michelangelo Buonarroti, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Vatican, Rome, ~1510
Patron: Pope Julius II
God and Adam are the same size.
Focus on Adam. Adam reaches back.
Nudity. Muscular and idealized.
→ HUMANISM (Humans are God’s greatest creation, and we help create ourselves)
Twisted figures
The Last Judgment
Michelangelo Buonarroti, ~1540
Patron: Pope Julius II
Disorganized, Chaotic
Figures on the bottom are smaller
Muscular… to the point of being lumpy
Christ looks like Apollo
Mannerism was international throughout Europe, due to the protestant reformation.
In an essay that emphasizes art, but which also considers other cultural factors (i.e.: philosophy, literature, religion, politics, economics, etc.), discuss the differences between fifteenth-century Italy and Northern Europe (do not discuss the sixteenth century, do not discuss High Italian Renaissance artists). Your analysis should use paintings and sculptures to compare and contrast issues such as the philosophical interests of these two societies, their styles of religious devotion, their cultural heritages, the materials and artistic media they employed, their great patrons, and other relevant issues. Be sure to identify all works of art by title, artist, and date. Should you discuss any architecture, be sure to also include the building’s location.
Aristotle Vs. Plato
High Emotion and Reformation of the soul Vs. Humanism
Medieval art Vs. Classics
Bright colors and Oil Paint vs. Marble and bronze
Philip the Bold, The grand Guild of Archers vs The Guild of Armor’s and Sword Makers and the Medici family
Well of Moses
Deposition
Dyptic of…
St George
David
The art and practice of Christianity were significantly impacted by the scholarly and devotional interests of the Renaissance. Many long-held beliefs continued but were nuanced in different ways. There were also significant reforms that dramatically changed the face of Christianity. Discuss at least FOUR distinct aspects of Renaissance religion, illustrating each example with one or two works of art (you should have at least five works of art total). Your essay should foreground a variety of religious and artistic expressions by drawing examples from both Italy and Northern Europe, between the late 1200s and the late 1500s. You should bolster your discussion with a description of relevant devotional, artistic, philosophical, cultural, literary, political, or economic factors. Be sure to identify all works of art by title, artist/architect, and date. Should you discuss any architecture, be sure to also include the building’s location.
High Emotion, Formation of the soul
Reducing time in purgatory
Combining the classics with Christianity (Humanism)
Protestant Reformation
Lamentation
Well of Moses
Deposition
David
The creation of Adam
The Last Judgement
In an essay dealing with art AND architecture, explain the development from the 15th-century Italian Renaissance (fifteenth century/1400s–Vasari’s “teenage years”) to the High Italian Renaissance and Mannerism (late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries–Vasari’s “adult years”). Which artists contributed to the development in these periods? What distinguishes High Renaissance art and architecture from that which preceded it? What political, religious, economic, social, geographical, and cultural changes contributed to this shift? Be sure to identify all works of art by title, artist/architect, and date. In the case of buildings, also include location.
From 15th Century to High Renaissance:
Medici’s get kicked out by Girolamo Savonarola (Iconoclasts)
Art becomes a liberal Art
From High Renaissance to Mannerism:
Protestant reformation throughout all Europe
Less concerned with mathematical accuracy
Jacob and Esau “gates of Paradise”
Palazzo de Medici
Madonna of the Rocks
Tempieto
The Last Judgement
Lamentation
Giotto di Bodone, Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua, ~1300
High emotion
Invites you into the narrative
Figures are bulky instead of elongated. Forshortening. (Naturalism)
Dyptic of…
Hans Memling, Dyptic of Maarten Van Niewenhove, 1490
Patron: Maarten Van Niewenhove
“new garden” in Dutch
Telescopic/microscopic detail
Soul formation
