Midterm 1 Flashcards
Cocaine withdrawal often has ____ physical symptoms but ___ psychological ones
Cocaine withdrawal often has no physical symptoms but intense psychological ones
With withdrawal long-term DAT efficiency ____, may explain ____ ___ episodes
With withdrawal long-term DAT efficiency increases, may explain common depressive episodes
Withdrawal symptoms include…
depression, anxiety, appetite changes
Intermittent use of cocaine associated with strong behavioural sensitization, ___ locomotor activity
Intermittent use of cocaine associated with strong behavioural sensitization, increased locomotor activity
Reverse tolerance
Increased susceptibility to hyperthermia, convulsions, stereotyped movements
Altered opioid-ergic signaling → ___ ____ expression is induced (generated)
Altered opioid-ergic signaling → striatal dynorphin expression is induced
When there is reduced euphoria by cocaine that is because ___ DA and ___ DAT efficiency
When there is reduced euphoria by cocaine that is because depleted DA and increased DAT efficiency
After cocaine binds the same site as dopamine it locks transporter in ___ conformation which ___ the transporter
After cocaine binds the same site as dopamine it locks transporter in stable conformation which inactivates the transporter
cocaine binds ___ ___ as dopamine
cocaine binds same site as dopamine
___ % of cocaine users combine their use with alcohol, this causes ___ ____ leading to the byproduct ____ being produced which is a potent ____
30-60 % of cocaine users combine their use with alcohol, this causes altered metabolism leading to the byproduct cocaethylene being produced which is a potent vasoconstrictor
cocaine causes ___ acute infections in GI tract which leads to ___ blood flow causing ____ ___ ___
cocaine causes increased acute infections in GI tract which leads to reduced blood flow causing tissues to die
Another adverse effect of cocaine use include formication which is …
the delusion of crawling insects under skin
Some adverse affects of acute cocaine use include irritability, ____, ____, ___ and ___
Some adverse affects of acute cocaine use include irritability, hostility, anxiety, fear and restlessness
After cocaine use NE excess underlies ___ effects, which enhances ___ sensitivity to ___ and ___
After cocaine use NE excess underlies sympathomimetic effects, which enhances VTA sensitivity to Glu and reward
After cocaine use 5HT excess underlies ___, ____,____ and __
After cocaine use 5HT excess underlies mood, sleep ,appetite and temperature
After cocaine use DA is in ___ in the ____, ___, ____ and ___
After cocaine use DA is in excess in the basal ganglia, PFC, VTA and NAc
The neurotransmitters affected by cocaine are
NE, DA, 5HT
The ____ and ____ of cocaine mimics NTs
The aromatic ring and amine group of cocaine mimics NTs
A high dose of cocaine can affect the medulla which in turn can lead to..
respiratory and circulatory failure
Cocaine’s effects on NAc make it
extremely rewarding
Cocaine effects on the PFC
influences planning, problem-solving and social behaviours
___ onset= ___ euphoria
faster onset= greater euphoria
cocaine causes ___ movements
cocaine causes repetitive, compulsive movements
Because of the excess neurotransmitters : ___, ___, ___ and ___ cocaine causes sympathomimetic effects like ___ heart rate, ___ blood pressure, ____, ____, ____ and ___
Because of the excess neurotransmitters : dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine cocaine causes sympathomimetic effects like increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, anorexia, insomnia, agitation and hyperthermia