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Criminal Justice Canada > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main agencies of the criminal justice system?

A
  1. the police
  2. the courts
  3. the correctional system
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2
Q

what are the three definitions of crime? Compare and contrast them.

A
  1. The legal definition
    - a crime is said to occur when a law is broken and a crime only takes place when a person has been deemed guilty of a crime and punished accordingly
  2. The social definition
    - crime is said to cause social injury and harm, as such, it should be controlled
  3. The constructionist definition
    - a crime is the result of social interaction; a negotiated process among the police and crown prosecutors
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3
Q

what are the main purposes of the criminal justice system? cpm

A
  1. to control crime
  2. to prevent crime
  3. to maintain justice
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4
Q

What is meant by Anatole France?

A

The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich and the poor alike to sleep under bridges, to bed in the streets, and to eat bread

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5
Q

Define and describe the differences between public and private law.

A

public-law - sets the rules for individuals in society, including the criminal law
Private law - or civil law refers to relationships between actors - legal contracts

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6
Q

T or F

Mala Prohibita refers to behaviour that is immoral and evil

A

F

This refers to Mala in se

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7
Q

List and describe the 3 different types of offences in the criminal justice system.

A
  1. Summary Offences - Misdemeanors; prison up to two years and a 5,000 fine
  2. Indictable Offences - Felonies; can result in life imprisonment
  3. Hybrid/dual offences - crown prosecutor decides which of the above category they fall under. mostly for youth crime, sexual offences and break and entering
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8
Q

List the 3 levels of police systems and how many sworn police there were in 2015

A
  1. municipal
  2. provincial
  3. federal
    - 70,000 in 2015
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9
Q

how many cases and charges were processed in 2006/07

A

372,000 cases and over a million charges

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10
Q

what are the four levels of the courts in canada

A
  1. the supreme court of Canada
  2. The court of appeal
  3. Superior courts
  4. provincial courts - assembly-line justice
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11
Q

How many people in Canada are incarcerated every day?

A

37,000 adults and over a 1,000 youth

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12
Q

Due to the criminal justice funnel, how many people are actually incarcerated?

A

6%

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13
Q

What are the five discretions?

A
  1. Victims - 2010 55% of people didn’t report due to them not thinking it was important enough
  2. Police
  3. Bail hearings
  4. Prosecution
  5. Sentencing
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14
Q

What is the first model of our criminal justice system designed by Herbert Packer?

A

Crime control model - get tough on the crime model that presumes guilt, and assumed that police only target the guilty

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15
Q

What is Herbert Packers second model for our criminal justice system?

A

Due process model- prioritizes the rights of the suspect, innocent until proven guilty

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16
Q

What are the statistics for the violent crimes of 2020

A

total - under 500,000
asault 1 - 180,000
Uttering threats - 85,000
Assault 2 weapon or bodily harm - 65,000

17
Q

What are the statistics for property crimes in 2020

A
  1. Theft under 5,000 - 345,000
  2. Mischief - 300,000
  3. Break and entering - 140,000
18
Q

What is one significant crime in 2020 that is labelled as other?

A

Administration of justice violations - 200,000

19
Q

What year was peak crime in Canada and why do researchers think the reason is?

A

1991, due to the boomer population being old enough to commit crime and be caught for it

20
Q

What year did Canada start using the UCR or Uniform crime reports?

A

1962

21
Q

What are crime statistics based off of?

A
  1. Reports to police
  2. self-reports
  3. victimization reports
    all resulting in triangulation
22
Q

what is the difference between UCR and UCR2?

A

UCR2 is an updated version of UCR where more information is taken upon the incident instead of just summary data

23
Q

What are two types of criticisms against the CUCR

A
  1. weighing of crimes - increase in crimes nullifies other crimes
  2. recording problems
    one non-violent incident is counted for each incident
    for violent crimes a separate incident is recorded for each victim
24
Q

What do victimization surveys do?

A
  • help estimate unrecorded crime
  • explain why victims do not report crimes to the police
  • provide information about the impact of crime on victims
  • identify populations at risk of being victimized
25
Q

What crime are we most likely to encounter in Canada in our everyday lives?

A

Antisocial behaviour, such as loitering

26
Q

Criminal code of Canada. When was it enacted? and how often is it amended?

A

written in 1892 and is amended pretty much every year

27
Q

Define jurisdiction.

A

the range of a government’s or court’s authority

28
Q

Summary offences can be punished with what?

A

up to 2 years in prison and up to a $5,000 fine

29
Q

What are the five core roles for police? CLMEA

A

1, Crime prevention

  1. Law enforcement
  2. Maintaining public peace
  3. Emergency response
  4. Assistance to victims of crime
30
Q

What are the four different types of provincial/territorial courts

A
  1. Court of Queen’s Bench - MB, NB, SK, AB
  2. Supreme Court - NS, PEI, YK, NWT, NL, BC
  3. Superior Court - ON, QC
  4. Court of Justice - NU
31
Q

What are three things in a probation order?

A
  1. Keep the peace and be of good behaviour
  2. Appear in court when ordered by the court
  3. advise the court or probation officer about a change of name, address, or employment
32
Q

What are the 4 goals of the criminal justice system? PPSH

A
  1. preventing crime
  2. protecting the public
  3. supporting the victims of crime, their families, and the witnesses
  4. holding people responsible for crimes they have committed; helping offenders return to the community and become law-abiding members of the community
33
Q

What are the two criminal justice models proposed by Herbert Packer in 1968

A
  1. Crime Control model
    - more important to protect society than the rights of the individual - assumption that most defendants are guilty
  2. Due process model - the ideology that no one is guilty until proven. Protect the rights of the defendent.
34
Q

What are the three levels to classify sexual assault cases?

A
  1. Level 1 - minor physical injuries or no injuries
  2. level 2 - includes sexual assault with a weapon, threats, or causing bodily harm
  3. aggravated level 3 - results in wounding, maiming, disfiguring, or endangering the life of the victim.
35
Q

What are the five types of crime?

A
  1. crimes against the person
  2. property crimes
  3. crimes of the powerful
  4. organized crime
  5. antisocial behaviour
36
Q

What is the main focus and ideology of critical crimologists?

A

Critical criminologists believe that the justice systems are designed to maintain class relationships

37
Q

What are the three most common crimes in a day in Canada

A
  1. total thefts
  2. Mischief
  3. All assaults

Criminal Justice Canada (1 decks)

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