Midterm 1

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

All individuals or units researcher is interested in

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

Smaller subset selected at random

Question 3

Bias

Answer 3

The discrepancy between the sample estimate and population parameter

Question 4

Accuracy

Answer 4

Whether it is biased or not, near or far from population

Question 5

Precision

Answer 5

How similar estimates are to each other

Question 6

Inaccurate/precise

Answer 6

Sample bias

Question 7

Accurate/imprecise

Answer 7

Sampling error

Question 8

Pseudoreplication

Answer 8

When samples are not independent but analyzed like they are.

These measurements might be more similar

Question 9

Nominal Data

Answer 9

This is categorical data without ranking

Question 10

Ordinal Data

Answer 10

Categorical data with order

Question 11

Left-Skewed

Answer 11

Close to third-quartile

Question 12

Right-Skewed

Answer 12

Close to first-quartile

Question 13

Coefficient of Variation

Answer 13

s/ybar
High CV more variability
Low CV less variability

Question 14

What does standard error measure?

Answer 14

This is a measure of the precision of the estimate

Question 15

What does standard deviation measure?

Answer 15

Spread of the distribution or deviation from mean

Question 16

Pr[A or B]

Answer 16

Pr[A] + Pr[B] - Pr[A and B]

Question 17

Pr[x successes]

Answer 17

(n choose x) * p^x * (1-p)^n-x

Question 18

P’

Answer 18

X+2/n+4

X is the number of successes

Question 19

SEp^hat

Answer 19

[p^hat * (1-p^hat)/ n ]^1/2

Question 20

Assumptions of X^2 Goodness of Fit (3)

Answer 20

Data are Random Sample
Not more than 20% of categories have expected freq <5
No category has expected frequency <1

Question 21

One Sample t-test assumptions (2)

Answer 21

Data are from random sample

Variable is normally distributed in the population