Midterm 1 Flashcards
What are Bundles
sacred as they were believed to contain parts of animals and plants of all realms
Western values vs. Blackfoot values
- Physical written records vs. Oral Records
- We put “artifacts” on a shelf in a museum… They believe these items are sacred and should be kept and passed down
- What we see as “progress” (urbanization, science, expansion, agriculture) is destruction for them (destroying the land, sacred places that hold historical and spiritual meaning)
What caused famine and disease for the Blackfoot
- Waves of smallpox spread heavily throughout intertribal trade prior to European contact.
- Famine became “naturalized” or “fated” as European expansion caused bison populations to substantially decrease due to overhunting
- The famine and disease of the early 19th century ultimately had major ripple effects throughout the rest of the century causing irreversible damage to ecosystems and landscapes, as well as trade and development amongst tribes.
what are the 2 wars and whisky with the blackfoot
-The Baker Massacre: In that time, Major Eugene Baker led the United States Cavalry as they attacked the camp and murdered 217 unarmed women and children and survivors were forced to flee towards what is now Lethbridge
-The Last Big Battle: With the bison overhunted, the Blackfoot had to fight with former allies, such as the Cree (Asinaa) people, for the scarce resources remaining
-The Whiskey Trade: The Blackfoot tried their best to keep the fur traders at bay, but still they pushed through
In 1873, the NWMP were formed to suppress the whiskey trade, but instead, they did the opposite
Culture suffocation of the blackfoot
- In 1877, Red Crow & Crowfoot made a treaty with the Dominion of Canada (Treaty 7) but what they had discussed and been promised did not match what they got
- Reserves were miniature compared to the land they originally occupied
- Indian agents and NWMP restricted their movement off of the reserves
- They lost access to many sacred places due to the restricted size of the reserves
- This restriction changed the relationships between fellow Blackfoot people and suffocated their culture
Repatriation means?
“return to the fatherland”
What is First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act?
allowed them to apply for repatriation of objects in both the Royal Alberta Museum and the Glenbow Museum
What is the difference between visiting and tour?
-A simple tour of the sites (walk around briefly, glance at a few information stands, etc.) is not enough to appreciate these places
-Instead, people should visit them
A visit implies one is a guest who will take time to relax, stay and become immersed in the experience
These visits allow people to experience storytelling from elders, the act of making an offering, to sing songs and participate in other activities, visit and interact with others, and become fully immersed in the experience
The Blackfoot Elders Committee is consulted to?
Locate and protect important unprotected sites
Use their knowledge to better preserve these sites
And to use their perspective to protect the sites from other government departments, industrialization and the public
Why we should strive to understand the Indigenous Worldview:
For teachers: develop teaching approaches that honor this worldview.
What’s Ontology
Our worldview. Philosophical study of being
Whats epistemology
How we come to know what we know.
Whats Axiology
Nature of value and valuation.
Whats methodology
Methods used in a particular area of study.
3 different definitions of world view
- Science Education Cajete (2000), Cobern (1996), Ogawa (1995)
- Environmental Educator Fien (1993)
- Indigenous Worldview
3 aspects of Indigenous Shared Worldview
Interdependence,
Connectedness,
Relatedness
3 aspects of indigenous philosophy:
Coexistence: Foundation of respect for all ways of knowing.
Reinforce humility: No one holds all the answers to the great mystery of life. We are all pieces of the puzzle. We are all grandchildren of Creator regardless of racial heritage.
Elders: Teach respect for other people’s ways of knowing and being. “We are the land and the land is part of us.”. Spirituality: A search within oneself for inner wisdom
and striving to connect with spirit that dwells
within. (Elders say answers come from within.)
What is the goal of indigenous education?
To become whole and complete
as we move through different
stages of childhood,
adolescence, adulthood, and
elders - different roles and
responsibilities through
each stage.Three aspects of indigenous education
Ancestors: We are connected to our ancestors in the spirit world through the relationships we have with Mother Earth.
Circle of life:
- We come from spirit and we all return from spirit in a never ending cycle.
- Earth nurtures our living bodies when we die and return to Mother Earth.
Cultural Identity and languages: Drawn from the spiritual relationship they have with the land. Loss of Land = Loss of Identity.
Creation: Become a part of the living earth, landscape, elements, animals and plants
Definition of knowledge systems:
a basic understanding that knowledge itself is directly linked to place, and thus knowledge cannot be accessed without an individual’s conscious acceptance of particular knowledge as an integral part of the particular place
Relationship of identity and place
- Knowledge relates to a connection between identity and place
- The place you are from is part of your identity
- Unless people connect with the land they are on, they cannot begin to understand their identity as part of that place
What disconnect people from place?
Eurocentric knowledge systems
