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PH 112.1 - Pharmaceutical Analysis 2 (Lab) > MIDTERM 01 - Types of Spectroscopy > Flashcards

MIDTERM 01 - Types of Spectroscopy Flashcards

1
Q

Selectors that uses monochromator or a filter to isolate the desired wavelength band so that only the band of interest is detected and measured

A

Wavelength selectors

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2
Q

A device that identifies, records, or indicates a change in one of the variables in its environment

A

Detector

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3
Q

Converts various types of chemical and physical quantities into electrical signals

A

Transducer

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4
Q

An electronic device that may amplify the electrical signal from the detector

A

Signal processor

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5
Q

Device that includes digital meters and computer monitors

A

Readout device

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6
Q

A quantitative technique used to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light (Types of spectroscopy)

A

UV/Vis spectroscopy

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7
Q

Wavelength of UV/Vis light

A

180-800 nm

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8
Q

Any group of atoms that absorbs light whether or not a color is thereby produced

A

Chromophore

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9
Q

A saturated group with nonbonded electrons which when attached to a chromophore, alters both the wavelength and intensity of absorption

A

Auxochrome

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10
Q

The shift of absorption to a longer wavelength

A

Bathochromic shift

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11
Q

The shift of absorption to a shorter wavelength

A

Hypsochromic shift

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12
Q

Effect that involves the increase in absorption intensity

A

Hyperchromic effect

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13
Q

Effect that involves a decrease in absorption intensity

A

Hypochromic effect

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14
Q

Is a function of the concentration of absorbing molecules

A

Light absorption

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15
Q

A more precise way of reporting intensity of absorption is by the use of __________

A

Beer-Lambert’s law

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16
Q

Acetonitrile (Wavelength)

A

190 nm

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17
Q

Water (Wavelength)

A

191 nm

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18
Q

Cyclohexane (Wavelength)

A

195 nm

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19
Q

Hexane (Wavelength)

A

195 nm

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20
Q

Methanol (Wavelength)

A

201 nm

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21
Q

Ethanol (Wavelength)

A

204 nm

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22
Q

Ether (Wavelength)

A

215 nm

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23
Q

Methylene chloride (Wavelength)

A

220 nm

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24
Q

Chloroform (Wavelength)

A

237 nm

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25
Q

Carbon tetrachloride (Wavelength)

A

237 nm

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26
Q

Glass cuvette (Wavelength range)

A

380-780 nm

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27
Q

Plastic cuvette (Wavelength range)

A

380-780 nm

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28
Q

Fused quartz (Wavelength range)

A

<380 nm

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29
Q

4 applications of UV/Vis spectroscopy (DPBB)

A

DNA and RNA analysis, Pharmaceutical analysis, Bacterial culture, Beverage analysis

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30
Q

Protein - protein shape (Wavelength used)

A

230 nm

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31
Q

DNA and RNA - Guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, uracil (Wavelength used)

A

260 nm

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32
Q

Protein - mostly tryptophan and tyrosine (Wavelength used)

A

280 nm

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33
Q

A method of structure determination that depends on the interaction of molecules with infrared radiant energy (Types of spectroscopy)

A

Infrared spectroscopy

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34
Q

Used to determine the function groups present (Types of spectroscopy)

A

Infrared spectroscopy

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35
Q

Used to broadcast radio and television (Types of EM radiation)

A

Radio waves

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36
Q

Used in cooking, radar, telephone, and other signals (Types of EM radiation)

A

Microwaves

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37
Q

Transmits heat from sun, fires, and radiators (Types of EM radiation)

A

Infrared waves

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38
Q

Makes things able to be seen (Types of EM radiation)

A

Visible light

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39
Q

Absorbed by the skin and used in fluorescent tubes (Types of EM radiation)

A

Ultraviolet waves

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40
Q

Used to view the inside of bodies and objects (Types of EM radiation)

41
Q

Used in medicine for killing cancer cells (Types of EM radiation)

A

Gamma rays

42
Q

__________ is characterized by either frequency or wavelength

A

Electromagnetic radiation

43
Q

The number of cycles that occur per second or the number of waves passing through a given point in a second

A

Frequency (v)

44
Q

2 units of frequency (CH)

A

Cycles, Hertz

45
Q

The distance from any point on one wave to the corresponding point on the next wave

A

Wavelength (λ)

46
Q

Unit of wavelength

47
Q

The greater the frequency, the __________ the energy

48
Q

The longer the wavelength, the __________ the energy

49
Q

Value for Planck’s constant

A

6.63 x 10^-34 J.s/particle

50
Q

Value for the speed of light in vacuum

A

3.0 x 10^8 m/s

51
Q

Is another way to describe the frequency and the one most often used in IR spectroscopy

A

Wave number

52
Q

Near infrared (Cm^-1)

A

12,500-4,000

53
Q

Mid infrared (Cm^-1)

54
Q

Far infrared (Cm^-1)

55
Q

Near infrared (μg)

56
Q

Mid infrared (μg)

57
Q

Far infrared (μg)

58
Q

Theory that states that absorption of IR promotes vibrational and rotational excitation in molecules

A

Theory of infrared absorption

59
Q

There should be an exact match between energy of radiation and vibrational/rotational excitation (Conditions for IR absorptions)

A

Eradiation = hv = ∆E vibrational

60
Q

Transition should result in _________ (Conditions for IR absorptions)

61
Q

__________ species do not absorb IR and there is no net change in dipole moment (Conditions for IR absorptions)

A

Homonuclear

62
Q

3 examples of homonuclear species

A

Cl2, O2, N2

63
Q

Refers to general procedures or methods used to conduct scientific investigations or experiments

A

Experimental techniques

64
Q

A technique where a beam of light is passed through a sample and the amount of light transmitted is measured (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Transmission spectroscopy

65
Q

A technique used in infrared spectroscopy where a sample is mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) powder, pressed into a pellet, and then analyzed (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

KBr pellet method

66
Q

The sample is mixed with Nujol (a mineral oil) to create a suspension (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Nujol method

67
Q

A technique where a thin film of the sample is directly analyzed (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Film method

68
Q

Refers to the sample holders used in transmission spectroscopy (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Demountable cell/Fixed cell

69
Q

__________ cells can be disassembled for cleaning and sample preparation

A

Demountable

70
Q

__________ cells are permanently sealed

71
Q

A technique where light is shone onto a sample and the reflected light is measured (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Reflection spectroscopy

72
Q

Used to determine how a substance absorbs light across a range of wavelengths (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Transmission spectroscopy

73
Q

Preparing solid samples for IR spectroscopy (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

KBr pellet method

74
Q

Preparing solid samples for IR spectroscopy when the KBr pellet method is unsuitable (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Nujol method

75
Q

Analyzing thin films or coatings directly using spectroscopy (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Film method

76
Q

Holding liquid or solution samples for transmission spectroscopy (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Demountable cell/Fixed cell

77
Q

Analyzing the surface properties of materials by measuring reflected light (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Reflection spectroscopy

78
Q

Versatile (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Transmission spectroscopy

79
Q

Quantitative (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Transmission spectroscopy

80
Q

Identification (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Transmission spectroscopy

81
Q

Widely used in fields (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Transmission spectroscopy

82
Q

Good signal-to-noise ratio (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

KBr pellet method

83
Q

Simple preparation (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

KBr pellet method

84
Q

Suitable for many solids (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

KBr pellet method

85
Q

Some samples may react with KBr and it can be challenging to obtain a homogenous mixture for accurate results (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

KBr pellet method

86
Q

Inert (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Nujol method

87
Q

Alternative to KBr (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Nujol method

88
Q

Potentially obscuring peaks of interest; requires careful background subtraction (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Nujol method

89
Q

Non-destructive; the film is not altered during analysis (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Film method

90
Q

Direct analysis (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Film method

91
Q

Surface sensitivity; provides information about the surface and bulk properties of the film (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Film method

92
Q

Used for characterizing polymer films, coatings, semiconductors, and thin-film devices (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Film method

93
Q

Demountable cells offer flexibility for cleaning and changing path lengths (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Demountable cell/Fixed cell

94
Q

Fixed cells provide a consistent path length (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Demountable cell/Fixed cell

95
Q

Material selection; cells are made from materials transparent to the desired spectral region (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Demountable cell/Fixed cell

96
Q

Surface sensitivity; probes the composition and structure of the surface layers (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Reflection spectroscopy

97
Q

Non-destructive; can be used on delicate or valuable samples (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Reflection spectroscopy

98
Q

Opaque samples (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Reflection spectroscopy

99
Q

Used in analyzing coatings, thin films, minerals, and artwork (Experimental techniques in IR spectroscopy)

A

Reflection spectroscopy

PH 112.1 - Pharmaceutical Analysis 2 (Lab) (5 decks)

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