Midter Topics Flashcards
What is the charge of a proton?
1.60x10^-19 C,
What is the charge of an electron?
-1.60x10^-19 C,
What is the mass of protons and neutrons?
1.67x10^-27 kg.
What is the mass of an electron?
9.11x10^-31 kg.
What naturally occuring element has the highest atomic number (92)?
uranium
Atomic number os the sum of what sub atomic particles?
protons and neutrons
What is an isotope?
element that don’t have the same number of neutrons to protons
What is the weighted average of the atomic masses of the atom’s naturally occurring isotopes.
atomic weight
In computing for the atomic weight, atomic mass unit is used. 1 amu is defined as ____ of the atomic mass the most common isotope of _______, __________.
1/12, carbon, carbon12
A set of principles and laws that govern
systems of atomic and subatomic entities that came to be known as ________.
quantum mechanics.
What atomic model is assumed wherein electrons are orbiting the nucleus?
Bohr’s atomic model
model that is used to describe the position and probability distribution of electrons
wave-mechanical model
What principal quantum number specifies the shell in a wave-mechanical model?
n or n=1,2,3,4…, or K,L,M,N,O…
Quantum number that signifies the subshell, and is also related to the shape of the electron subshell.
l=s,p,d,f
Quantum number that is also associated with the Bohr model, and also tells the distance of the electron from the nucleus?
n
The number of energy states for each subshell is determined by the third quantum number, __. For an s subshell, there is a single energy state, whereas for p, d, and f subshells, three, five, and seven states exist, respectively.
m sub l
Associated with each electron is a spin moment, which must be oriented either
up or down. Related to this spin moment is the fourth quantum number, __, for
which two values are possible (+1/2 and -1/2), one for each of the spin orientations.
m sub s
When all the electrons
occupy the lowest possible energies in accord with the foregoing restrictions, an
atom is said to be in its ______.
ground state
This principle stipulates that each electron state can hold no
more than two electrons, which must have opposite spins.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Horizontal rows in a periodic table are called?
period
they readily accept electrons to form
negatively charged ions, or sometimes they share electrons with other atoms.
electronegative elements
Elements, mostly metals, that gives off their valence electrons during chemical bonding are called _____________.
electropositive elements
the energy that would be required to separate these two atoms to an
infinite separation.
bonding energy
The attractive bonding forces in an ionic bonding is __________. That is, positive and negative ions,
by virtue of their net electrical charge, attract one another.
coulombic
2.7). The wider the separation (both horizontally
relative to Group IVA—and vertically) from the lower left to the upper-right-hand
corner (i.e., the greater the difference in electronegativity), the more _______ the bond.
ionic
In metallic bonding, the remaining nonvalence electrons and atomic nuclei form what are called ___.
ion cores
Secondary bonding forces such as Van der Waals, arise from atomic or molecular ____.
dipole
When does an electric dipole exist?
whenever there is some separation of positive and negative
portions of an atom or molecule
What is a coulombic attraction?
Coulombic attraction is the attraction between oppositely charged particles.
Dipole interactions occur between?
induced dipoles, and polaw covalent molecule (a type of covalent bond wherein there is a permanent separation of charge)
____________ a special type of secondary bonding,
is found to exist between some molecules that have hydrogen as one of the constituents.
Hydrogen bonding
