Midgut

Question 1

What vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery begin?

Answer 1

L3

Question 2

What vertebral level does the SMA begin?

Answer 2

L1

Question 3

What level does the celiac trunk begin?

Answer 3

T12

Question 4

What keeps the gut tube open at duodenum/jejunum junction?

Answer 4

Suspensions ligament of the duodenum

Off of the diaphram

Question 5

What are the layers of the jejunum/ileum?

Answer 5

Mucosa
Submucosa
Circular layer
Longitudinal layer (the two muscle layers are called muscular is externis)
Subserosa & serosa (visceral peritoneum)

Question 6

Which small intestine part has more folds?

Answer 6

Jejunum

Question 7

What is the anterior surface of a secondarily retroperitoneal structure covered in?

Answer 7

Parietal peritenuem

Question 8

Which part of the colon is secondary retro peritoneum?

Answer 8

The ascending and descending part

Question 9

Where does the SMA anastomose with the AMA?

Answer 9

Left colic flexure

Question 10

Does the Jejunum or Ileum have longer arterial rectae?

Fewer arcades?

Answer 10

Jejunum

Jejunum

Question 11

What veins form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 11

Splenic vein joins the Superior Mesenteric v. To form hepatic portal v.

Question 12

What can lead to cirrhosis of the liver?

Answer 12

Scar tissue

Hep B
Hep C
Alcohol

This clogs the liver (filter) so then we get retrograde flow to the rest of the body and liver doesn’t

Question 13

What is the most well known way for blood to bypass the liver?

Answer 13

Paraumbilical (Head of madoosa) /superficial epigastric vein from paraumbilical vein

Also gastroesophageal, a ore gal and retroperitoneal

Question 14

There will be one or two questions on the hepatic portal system

Answer 14

Ok

Question 15

What is the job of the parasympathetic system in the hindgut?

Answer 15

Increase peristalsis (opposite for sympathetic)
Promote defecation 

Foregut and Midgut:
(Use intuition)
Decrease peristalsis 
Decrease secretion
Decrease Blood flow

Question 16

Where do the s-lancing nerves begin?

Answer 16

T5

Through T9

Question 17

Where are thoracic sympathetic organ nerves?

Answer 17

T1-T5 (6)

Question 18

Visceral motor is a ____ neuron system.

Answer 18

2

Question 19

The Cell body of visceral motor is always _______ the CNS

Answer 19

Inside

Question 20

The paravertebral (sympathetic) ganglion is not a site of synapse for

Answer 20

Listen to minute 33 of Dr. G’s lecture

The gut/splanchnic nerves

Question 21

The postganglion follows what to get to the muscle?

Answer 21

Blood flow

Question 22

What are the subdiaphragmatic ganglia called in order from sup to inf?

Answer 22

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Intermesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric
Superior by-gastric
Inferior hypogastric

Question 23

What spinal nerves is the greater splanchnic nerve?

Answer 23

T5-T9

Question 24

What spinal nerves are lesser splanchnic nerve?

Answer 24

T10-T12

Question 25

What nerves are the lumbar splanchnic?

Answer 25

L1-2

Question 26

What ganglion is the greater splanchnic nerve associated with?

Answer 26

Celiac ganglion

Question 27

What ganglion is the lesser splanchnic nerve associated

Answer 27

Superior mes.

Question 28

What ganglion is the lumbar splanchnic nerves associated?

Answer 28

Inf. Mesenteric ganglion

Question 29

5-4-3 rule

Answer 29

``` 5 6 7 8 99 10 11 1212 L1 L2 ``` Foregut, midgut, hindgut (and pelvis)

Question 30

Where does sympathetic nerves come from?

Answer 30

T1-L2

Question 31

Where do the synapses happen in the T1-L2 sympathetic?

Answer 31

In the ganglion Celiac Superior Mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 32

T12 goes to

Answer 32

Kidney system, dont worry about this now

Question 33

Is vagus nerve parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Answer 33

Parasympathetic

Question 34

The plexus is before or after the celiac ganglion?

Answer 34

After, it holds the post synaptic sympathetic nerves and (sometimes) the parasympathetic nerves and then follows the blood flow

Question 35

What is visceral pain usually described as?

Answer 35

Dull, diffuse and vague Because abdominal viscera are poorly innervated for sensation

Question 36

Ischemia

Answer 36

Poor blood supply

Question 37

Visceral sensory axons follow the reverse path of the _________ system

Answer 37

Sympathetic

Question 38

GVA is a ____ neuron system

Answer 38

One

Question 39

Describe the GVA pathway

Answer 39

Look at Dr. G's lecture slide at 48:02

Question 40

Bare area of the liver can give referred pain to?

Answer 40

The right shoulder

Question 41

Appendices pain can refer to

Answer 41

Pain behind the umbilicus

Question 42

Nerves to visceral structures

Answer 42

Liver T6-9