Middle Range Flashcards
Middle Range Theory if the purpose of the work is to?
Describe, explain, predict concrete and specific phenomena
What are the steps in making the Middle Range Theory?
Create the conceptual model
Derive the middle range theory
Identify empirical indicators
Identify empirically testable hypotheses
What are the four kinds middle range theories?
Descriptive
Explanatory
Predictive
Prescriptive
Middle range theory is supported strongly by?
empirical data
According to Ramona T. Mercer, Maternal Role Attainment Theory is a framework to provide appropriate health care interventions for __________ in order for them to successfully adopt a strong ________
nontraditional mothers
maternal identity
What are the major components of a mothering role?
- Attachment to the infant
- Gaining competence in mothering behaviors
- Expressing gratification in maternal-infant interactions
Ramona T. Mercer borrowed its theory from?
Transition Theory
Mercer stated that a woman who becomes a mother should do the following?
Recognizing the permanency of the required change
seek out information
seek role models
test herself for competency
What are the four stages of Acquisition in the Maternal Attainment theory?
Anticipatory STAGE
formal STAGE
informal STAGE
personal STAGE
The __________ also occurs and increases with infant development and maternal role identity
Father’s role identity
The ________ of mother, father (or significant other) and infant is an important concept added to the larger model
interaction
This stage begins during pregnancy and includes SOCIAL and PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENTS to pregnancy
Anticipatory Stage
In anticipatory stage, expectations of the ________ are explored
maternal role
What happens in the first two weeks after giving birth?
acquaintance, practice, and physical restoration
This stage begins with the birth of the infant and includes recovery from birth
Formal Stage
In this stage the woman learns from others in the role or from professionals and replicates their behavior
Formal Stage
This stage begins as the woman structures MATERNAL ROLE to fit herself based on the past experiences and future goals
Informal Stage
What happens after 2 weeks to 4 months after giving birth?
Approaching normalization
In informal stage, woman learns ________ and develops her own unique style of mothering
infant cues
What happens after 4 months and beyond of giving birth?
integration of maternal identity
This stage begins as the woman integrates 1.______ into her 2. ______, internalizes the role, and views herself as a 3. _________
- mothering
- self-system
- competent mother
What is the last stage of maternal attainment?
Personal stage
What happens before or during giving birth?
commitment and preparation pregnancy
is an interactional and developmental process occurring overtime in which the mother becomes attached to her infant, acquires competence in caretaking tasks involved in the role, and express pleasure and gratification in the role.
Maternal role attainment
is defined as having an internalized view of the set as a mother
Maternal Identity
is the woman’s perception of her performance during labor and birth
Perception of birth experience
is the individual’s perception of how others view oneself and self acceptance of the perceptions
Self-esteem
1.it is the overall perception of self
2. this may include?
- Self-concept
- self-satisfaction, acceptance, esteem, congruence or discrepancy between self and ideal self
are maternal attitudes or beliefs about child rearing
Child-rearing attitude
It refers to mother’s and father’s perception of their prior health, current health, health outlook, resistance-susceptibility to illness, health worry concern, sickness orientation and rejection of the sick role
health status
It is a trait in which there is a specific proness to perceive stressful situations as dangerous or threatening, and as a situation-specific state
Anxiety
refers to the individuals view of the activities and relationships between the family and its subsystems and broader social units
family functioning
contributes to the process of maternal role attainment in a way that cannot be duplication by any other person
the interaction helps diffuse the tension and facilitate maternal role attainment
Father or intimate partner
is the perception of the mate including intended and actual values, goals, agreements between the two
Mother-father relationship
The ________ of the infant develops within the EMOTIONAL FIELD of the parent’s relationship
maternal attachment
According to Ramona T. Mercer’s Maternal Role Attachment theory, nursing is a dynamic profession with three foci, what are these?
- health promotion and prevention of illness
- providing care for those who need professional assistance to achieve their optimal level of health and functioning
- research to enhance knowledge base for providing excellent nursing care
Person is also referred as?
self or core self
The _______ evolves from a cultural context and determines how situations are defined and shaped.
core self
What are the important factors in attainment of maternal role?
self-esteem and confidence
Is both influential and is influenced by both of them
mother
FAMILY HEALTH STATUS is affected negatively by?
antepartum stress
The ecological interacting environment in which maternal role attainment develops
environment
Based on Mercer’s Maternal Role attainment theory, it states that the devlopment of the roles lf the person cannot be considered apart from the environment, rather, there is 1. ________ between developing person and the changing properties of the 2. _________
- mutual accommodation
- immediate settings
Who is the theorist who developed the Uncertainty of Illness Theory?
Merle H. Mishel
Merle H. Mishel created the scale for testing?
Perceived Ambiguity in Illness or Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale
Differentiate original vs. reconceptualized uncertainty in illness theory
Original- applicable to acute illnesses
Reconceptualized- applicable with chronic illness
What are the major concepts of uncertainty in illness theory (original)?
1.antecedents and uncertainty
2. appraisal of uncertainty
3. coping with uncertainty
What are the concepts under the antecedent and uncertainty?
stimuli frame
cognitive capacity
structure provider
inference or illusion, valuing uncertainty as a danger or opportunity
appraisal of uncertainty
mobilizing strategies and control situations when uncertainty is regarded as ______
danger
______ strategies when uncertain is regarded as opportunity
building
What are the major concepts under reconceptualized uncertainty in Illness Theory?
Self-Organization
Formation of a New Life Perspective
Prior life experience, physiological status, social resources, health care provided
Formation of New Life Perspective
How many items are there in Ambiguity in Illness Scale?
33 items
The Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale has been revised for specific population such as?
community dwelling adults (23 items)
cancer survivors (22 items)
children and adolescent (22 items)
parents of hospitalized children (31 items)
5 item short form for adults
What year is the Uncertainty in Illness published and revised?
1988 -published
1990- revised
What concepts are under the stimuli frame?
S-ymptom pattern
E-vent familiarity
E-vent congruence
What concepts are under the structure provider?
education
social support
credible authority
What is the Theory of Pamela Reed?
Self-Transcendence Theory
She has developed a middle range theory on Self-Transcendence
Pamela Reed
A human development theory which is particularly relevant to persons who are experiencing significant life events such as 2. _______
- Self Transcendence
- end-of-life
Pamela Reed used 1.___________ for adult social-cognitive and translersonal development to reformulate this mid range theory by applying 2. __________ conceptual system that describes the unitary human beings
- life span developmental psychology
- Principles of Martha E. Roger
What are he three sources of Self-Transcendence Theory?
- Physical growth and mental development ended at adolescence
- Early work of nursing theorist Martha E. Rogers three principles of homeodynamics
a. disequilibrium between person and environment as an important trigger of development - transforming old perspective and behaviors, and integrating new views and activities
The three principles of homeodynamics were congruent with the key principles of the ?
evolving Life Span Developmental Theory
What are the three main concepts of Self-Transcendence Theory?
- Vulnerability
- Self-Transcendence
- Well-being
refers to the awareness of mortality, which results from processes lf aging an dother phases across an individual’s life span
Vulnerability
Awareness of one’s personal mortality
Vulnerability
shows changes in the observed boundaries, which extends an individual beyond their immediate and defined points of view of self and environment
Self-Transcendence
refers to the ________ that extends the person beyond the immediate and constricted views of self and the worlds
fluctuation of perceived boundaries
(SELF TRANSCENDENCE)
The fluctuation of perceived boundaries are?
Pandimensional
The fluctuation of perceived boundaries that is towards others and the environment
outward
The fluctuation of perceived boundaries that is toward greater awareness of one’s own beliefs, values, and dreams
inward
The fluctuation of perceived boundaries that is towards integration of past and future that enhances the relative present
temporal
is associated with general health and feeling of wholeness
well-being
Give the application of self-transcendence
well-being and mental health across lifespan
spirituality at end of life
moral distress
ethical concerns of frontline caregivers and terminally ill individuals
What is the theory of Katharyn Kolcaba?
Theory of Comfort
Patient comfort exists in three forms, what are these?
relief
ease
transcendence
Patient comfort can have four contexts, what are these?
physical
psychospiritual
environmental
sociocultural
the state of patient who has had a specific need met
relief
the state of calm and contentment
ease
the state in which one rises above one’s problems or pain
transcendence
pertains to bodily sensation
physical
refers to internal awareness of self, including esteem, concept, sexuality, and meaning in one’s life; ones relationship to a higher being
psychospiritual
pertaining to the external surroundings, conditions, and influences
environmental
pertains to interpersonal, family, and societal relationships
social
is an antidote to the stressors inherent in health care situations today, and when comfort is enhanced, patients and families are strengthened for the tasks ahead.
comfort
is based on a value system oriented to the recipients of care
institutional integrity
To improve the quality of life and achieve peaceful end of life of terminally ill patients, related to the nursing interventions and specific results for this group of patients
Peaceful End of Life Theory
Who is the student: Cornelia or Shirley?
Cornelia
What are the 5 outcome indicators of Peaceful end of life theory?
- not being in pain
- experience of comfort
- experience of dignity and respect
- being at peace
- closeness to significant others
is considered as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
pain
relief from discomfort
experience of comfort
this concept incorporates the idea of personal worth
experience of dignity and respect
individuals should be treated as _______ and persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to _____
- autonomous agents
- protection
involves the feeling of calmness, harmony, and contentment
being at peace
a connection, physical or emotional to the caring individuals important to and involved in patient care
closeness to significant others
Who developed the theory of Caring?
Kristen M. Swanson
is a nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility
caring
is striving to understand the meaning of an event in the life of the other, avoiding assumptions
knowing
means being emotionally present to the other
being with
means to do for others what one would for self if at all possible
doing for
is facilitating the other’s passage through life transitions and unfamiliar events by focusing on the event, informing, explaining, supporting, validating feelings, generating alternatives, thinking things through, and giving feedback
enabling
is sustaining faith in the other’s capacity to get through an event or transition and face a future with meaning
maintaining belief
Kristen Swanson defined _____ as an informed caring fir the well-being of others
nursing
are unique beings who are in the midst of becoming and whose wholeness is made manifest in 2-4 ______
person
- thoughts
- feelings
- behaviors
to live the subjective meaning filled experience of wholeness (Kristen M. Swanson)
health
involves sense of integration and becoming wherein all facets of being are free to be expressed
wholeness
According to the Theory of comfort, environment is ?
situational
any context that influences or is influenced by the designated client
environment
What are the facets of being that makes us humans?
spirituality
thoughts
feelings
intelligence
creativity
relatedness
femininity and masculinity
sexuality
Person is _________ yearning to be connected with others and spiritual beings
dynamic
growing
self-reflecting
nursing discipline is informed by _______ from nursing and related disciplines
empirical indicators
