Middle Medistinum Flashcards
Mediastinum location
Located between the lungs, sternum, diaphragm, and verterbral column.
Mediastinum components
Heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph vessels and nodes, nerves, vessels, and connective tissue.
Superior Mediastinum
Superior to a “line” above the T4/T5 intervertebral disc
Anterior Mediastinum
Between body of sternum and pericardial sac, superior to the diaphragm and inferior to the superior mediastinum
Posterior Mediastinum
Between pericardial sac anteriorly & T5-T12 vertebrae posteriorly
Middle Mediastinum
Pericerdial sac, heart, roots of the great vessels, phrenic nerve, pericardiacophrenic vessels, arch of azygos, and main bronchi
The heart is surrounded by the _____________
Pericardial sac
Pericardial sac is bound to the ____________
central tendon of the diaphragm
Pericardial sac is fused with the ___________
tunica adventitia (externa) of the great vessels
Pericardial sac anchors the __________
heart in the mediastinum
Pericardial sac prevents _________
overstretching of the heart
Outer surface of the pericardial sac
Fibrous Pericardium
Inner surface of the pericardial sac
Serous pericardium (parietal layer and a visceral layer)
Pericardial Fluid
Located between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium to allow the heart to move and beat in a frictionless environment
What supplies blood to and from the pericardial sac?
Pericardiophrenic vessels
What supplies blood to the visceral layer of the serous pericardium?
Coronary arteries
What drains blood from the serous pericardium?
Cardiac veins
Main source of sensory fibers (for pain sensations) to the pericardial sac?
Phrenic nerves (C3, C4, C5)
Provides sensory fibers to the visceral layer of the serous pericardium
Vagus Nerves
Apex of heart
pointed inferolateral, tip of left ventricle
Base of heart
Superior end of the heart, where great vessels enter/exit the chambers (mainly left atrium)
Epicardium
thin, transparent and adheres to the heart
Myocardium
muscular wall of the heart, cardiac muscle tissue responsible for the hearts pumping action
Endocardium
Provides smooth lining of the inside of the heart chambers and covers the valves of heart