Middle Mediastinum And Heart

Question 1

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 1

Area in thoracic cavity between the two pleural sacs.

Question 2

What are the two sub sections of the mediastinum?

Answer 2

Inferior mediastinum and Posterior mediastinum

Question 3

What are the three subsections of the Inferior mediastinum?

Answer 3

Anterior, Middle, and Posterior mediastinum.

Question 4

What is located in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 4

Mostly fat, thymus, and lymph nodes.

Question 5

What are the borders of the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 5

Lies between the sternum and the pericardial sac.

Question 6

What is contained in the posterior mediastinum? (5)

Answer 6

Thoracic Aorta
Esophagus
Vagus Nerves
Azygos Veins
Thoracic Duct

Question 7

What is located in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 7

Pericardium
Heart
Great Vessels

Question 8

What does the pericardium surround?

Answer 8

Heart and proximal aspects of great vessels

Question 9

What are the external and internal surfaces of the pericardial sac?

Answer 9

External-fibrous
Internal-serous

Question 10

What does the ligamentum arteriosum connect?

Answer 10

Aortic arch and pulmonary artery

Question 11

Where does the superior vena cava return blood to?

Answer 11

Right Atrium

Question 12

Where does the Inferior Vena Cava return blood from?

Answer 12

The inferior part of the body

Question 13

What is the function of the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 13

Carry unoxygenatd blood from right ventricle to lungs via pulmonary arteries

Question 14

How many pulmonary veins are there and what are there functions?

Answer 14

2; return blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Question 15

What does the atrioventricular sulcus separate?

Answer 15

Atria and ventricles

Question 16

What is located in the atrioventricular sulcus?

Answer 16

Right coronary Artery
Circumflex Artery
Coronary Sinus

Question 17

What does the Inter-ventricular sulcus separate?

Answer 17

Right and Left Ventricle

Question 18

What is located in the inter-ventricular sulcus?

Answer 18

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)
Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)

Question 19

What forms the primary portion of the heart’s right border?

Answer 19

Right Atrium

Question 20

What forms the primary portion of the Heart’s left border?

Answer 20

Left Ventricle

Question 21

What forms the apex of the heart and what intercostal space is it located in?

Answer 21

Left Ventricle; 5th intercostal space.

Question 22

What forms the inferior border of the heart?

Answer 22

The Right Ventricle sitting on the diaphragm.

Question 23

What is the Fossa Ovalis?

Answer 23

Depression in the inter-arterial septum

Question 24

What is the fossa ovalis a remnant of from fetal development?

Answer 24

Foramen ovale-allowed blood to pass from right to left side of heart and bypass lungs.

Question 25

What forms the rough inner wall of the Right Atrium

Answer 25

Trabeculae Carnae

Question 26

What is the function of Chordae Tendinae?

Answer 26

Attach valves to the three papillary muscles and prevent prolapse.

Question 27

What is the function of the moderator band?

Answer 27

Contains fibers of the conduction system

Question 28

What is the function of the pulmonary semilunar valves?

Answer 28

Control outflow of blood from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk

Question 29

What is the function of the aortic semilunar valve?

Answer 29

Control blood flow from left ventricle to ascending aorta.

Question 30

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 30

Controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

Question 31

What is the function of the bicuspid valve?

Answer 31

Control blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

Question 32

What node is considered to be the pace maker of the heart?

Answer 32

The Sino-atrial node (SA Node)

Question 33

What node does the SA node relay stimulation to?

Answer 33

Atrioventricular Node

Question 34

What Node does the atrioventricular node relay innervation to?

Answer 34

Atrioventricular Bundle (His)

Question 35

Where does stimulation go after the Bundle of His?

Answer 35

To Purkinje fibers and through the moderator band

Question 36

What effect does the Vagus nerve have on the heart?

Answer 36

Decreases heart rate.

Question 37

Where do SA and AV nodes receive stimulation from?

Answer 37

Cardiac Splanchnic Nerves.

Question 38

What do the Cardiac Splanchnic nerves do to the heart?

Answer 38

Increase Heart Rate