Middle East Test Review Flashcards
At what time did the Israelite’s control Isreal?
1300 B.C. - 800 B.C.
722 B.C.
Levant Region; Assyrians; the Assyrian Empire conquered the Northern Kingdom of Israel, ending the Israelite state
Babalonian Empire/ Babalonians
586 B.C. ; The Babylonian Empire was the most powerful state in the ancient world after the fall of the Assyrian empire (612 BCE).
63 B.C.
Roman Empire; Judea turned to Palestine because the Romans wanted to erase the Jewish presence in the land. Romans destroyed Jerusalem in 70 A.D.
610-636 B.C.
Islam& Christianity were created ; Arabs controlled Israel/Palestine and Islam/Christianity started to spread throughout the middle East and North Africa
Crusaders
1099-1291 ; Crusaders spread Christianity in a violent way, it was you believed or died ; The Crusaders wanted to take back the Holy Land for the Christians (Israel). The Crusaders established kingdoms near Israel.
Ottomans
1517 - 1918 ; Israel was split into four districts, one of the longest lasting empires, rural (in between time), fell apart near WWI, they were traders so they had a lot of land near water. Free to worship how you wanted to
Post WWII
a lot of countries in Europe had Jewish people after the Holocaust, and they returned to Israel (Holy Land/ Zionists). Israel became a nation (UN partition plan,1948), and the Arab countries attacked.
1948
Five surrounding Arab countries attacked Israel, because they did not like the UN partition plan. Israel was expecting it and defeated these countries. Israel received weapons from the British and U.S.
Six Day War
1967; Supposed to be the war to end Israel, they ended the war with three no’s-
- no recognition of Israel
- no peace with Israel
- no negotiations
Yom Kippur War
1973; Yom Kippur was a holy day in Judaism and the Arabs knew this so they surprise attacked. It lasted three weeks and Israel won. It was led by Syria and Egypt against Israel. The Sinai peninsula and the west bank were given back to the Arab countries.
Oslo Accords
18% Palestinian 22% shared 60% Israeli in the country of Israel. It was supposed to be a “peace treaty” but it made Palestinians very upset because they had little land compared to the Israelis. This caused the Palestinians to start to bomb and Israel made a naval blockade.
Iron Dome
built in Israel to protect from missiles being launched by Hamas from the Gaza Strip. It has stopped more than 200,000 missiles, and it helps with Israel’s success maintaining independence. It is common for missiles to be constantly going off in Israel.
Israel/Palestine Issues
Israel and Palestine have fought for centuries over land and for religious reasons
Israel/Palestine Issues: Jerusalem
both countries want Jerusalem to serve as their capital so they continue to fight about it, however right now Jerusalem is split between all three monotheistic religions
Israel/Palestine Issues:
West Bank
The west bank of the Jordan river is seen as a holy city to both cities because of the city of Hebron therefore the two countries fight over the land
Israel/Palestine Issues
refugees
There have been a lot of people displaced from this land that are trying to come back to it because it is their holy land. Palestinians insist on the right of refugees to return but Israel has refused this. this caused conflict
Sinai Peninsula
A peninsula that is part of the country of Egypt; taken by Israel after six day War then given back after Yom kippur war
Afghanistan
Soviet Union invaded in 1979 for communist control; U.S. gave Afgan rebels weapons to fight them; the U.S. wanted to have democratic and capitalistic influence; in the 1980’s the CIA funded military ops. to keep communism out
Hamas
anti-isrealist terrorist group; have control of Gaza Strip;
Kuwait
invaded by Iraq in early august 1990; February 28 1991 George Bush declared ceasefire and most Iraqi forces had already left
Saddam Hussein
Iraq president that order the invasion of Kuwait in early August of 1990
Iraq
On March 19, 2003, the United States, along with coalition forces, initiated war on Iraq; U.S. forces quickly overwhelm Iraqi forces; Iraqi citizens and U.S. troops pulled down a statue of Saddam Hussein (president); U.S. occupied Iraq to try to set up a democratic government
OPEC
(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
export oil to countries around the world; they control market/price of oil; founded in 1960; 44% of worlds crude oil production, but 82% of crude oil reserves
