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Geo-Middle East > Middle East > Flashcards

Middle East Flashcards

0
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Tigris Euphrates blanks. Present day Iraq

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1
Q

Major qualities of realm

A

Climate
Islam
Oil/conflict

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2
Q

Arab springs 2011

A

Countries in Middle East rebelling against gov. Led to many leaders stepping down/kicked out

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3
Q

Arab spring began in

A

Tunisia

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4
Q 
Arab spring reforms
Traditional-autocratic 
Islamic fundamentalist
Political dictatorships
To.....
A

Progressive democracy
Reforms; women’s rights
Free speech

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5
Q

Syria majority (Muslim side)

A

Sunni

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6
Q

Syria…since 1971 leader

A

Elite Alawite Minority(Shia branch)

Al-Assad family

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7
Q

Syria civil war between…

A

Government (Alawite minority)
Vs.
Sunni majority resistance army

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8
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

Area extended from Mesopotamia to Mediterranean Sea & Egypt

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9
Q

2 main cultural hearths in Middle East

A

Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia

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10
Q

Libya water source

A

Underground (fossil) water

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11
Q

Israel water conservation

A

Fertigration- grow under tarps to trap water from transpiration

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12
Q

3 main Middle East ethnicities

A

Arab-80 mil
Turkish-70 mil
Persian- 70 mil

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13
Q

Abraham is the origins of…

A

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

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14
Q

Islams “Jesus Christ”

A

Muhammad

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15
Q

Muhammad (Islam)

A

Camel caravan worker
Married leaders widow
Well known in Mecca

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16
Q

Mecca

A

Vibrant trading town w/temples

Muhammad, while mediating in near cave received revelations from Allah from angel

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17
Q

“Truth” to Muhammad angel revelations-

A

he was illiterate, told beliefs to others who wrote Koran

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18
Q

After revelation Muhammad…

A

After trying to change ways of Mecca, he was driven out to city of Medina

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19
Q

Muhammad medina journey known as

A

Hejira

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20
Q

Muhammad returns to Mecca….

A

Didn’t kill people, just conquered & tore down all temples other than Kaba

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21
Q

Ka’ba

A

Temple of Allah

Believed to be built by Abraham and son

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22
Q

5 pillars of Islam

A
  1. Shahadah
  2. Salat
  3. Zakat
  4. Sawm
  5. Hajj
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23
Q

Shahadah

A

Express the basic creed

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24
Q

Salat

A

Pray

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25
Q

Zakat

A

Give to charity

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26
Q

Sawm

A

Fast during month of Ramadan

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27
Q

Hajj

A

Make Mecca pilgrimage

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28
Q

Muhammad’s death led to…

A

Divisions of Islam

29
Q

Islam successors should be worthy followers (branch)

30
Q

Successors of Islam should be direct relatives of Muhammad (branch)

31
Q

Third small branch of Islam

32
Q

Top Muslim countries

A

Indonesia
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh

33
Q

Two types of spatial diffusion

A

Expansion

Relocation

34
Q

Northern Africa refered to as

A

Maghreb. Isle of west

35
Q

The Maghreb

A
  • Main ethnic group-Berbers
  • Arabs brought Islam
  • Ag based with oil developments
  • Islamic fundamentalist clash with westerners
36
Q

Libya

A

Urbanizing
Oil money
Majority Arab/been mix–Sunni Muslim
Arab spring removed Gadhafi(42 yr leader)

37
Q

Egypt

A

Arabs not Berbers
1/3 pop under 15 yrs old
Cornerstone of Arab world
95% live 15 miles of Nile

38
Q

Largest Arab population

A

Cairo, Egypt

39
Q

African transition zone

A

Where Islam ends(Arab), Christianity/tribal begins(African)

Deserts north, tropics south

40
Q

What formed the political borders that still basically exist in Africa

A

European colonialism- Berlin conference

41
Q

Sudan

A

Divided by transition zone.
Civil war for decades

Ethnicity & religion

42
Q

Darfur within Sudan

A

Both sides Muslim
Darfur is African
North sedan is Arab

43
Q

Three main physical features of n.africa

A

Atlas mts, Sahara desert, Nile river

44
Q

Those cleansing is darfur, Sudan referred to as

A

Janjaweed-funded by Arabs

45
Q

Israel called___________ before 1948

46
Q

Palestine

A

British supported Jewish homeland

Turned over to UN in 1945

47
Q

What did UN do to Palestine

A

Portioned in 1947
Half Palestinian, half Jew
Only 40% actually Jew

48
Q

In 1948 UN recognized jewish state…

49
Q

Isreal

A

Backed by US & GB
LARGEST recipient of US foreign aid

Series of Arab-Isrealian war

50
Q

Arab-Israel warS

A

Arab defeated every time. Isreal gained all land but Gaza Strip and West Bank

51
Q

West Bank

A

Palestinian area
Water shortage extreme
Israel uses 4x more water

52
Q

Camp David accord

A
  1. Peace treaty between Israel & Egypt to not go to war again
    Initiated by us
53
Q

Saudi Arabia

A 
Location of medina & Mecca
Oil based economy
20% world oil located here
Sunni
Basic criminal code
54
Q

Kuwait

A

Small, Persian gulf
Immense oil reserves-high living standard
George h bush drilled first offshore Kuwait oil

55
Q

United Arab Emirates

A

7 small Arab emirates
Oil based
Also building trade center

56
Q

Yemen

A

Only country in Arabian peninsula with true democratic gov

57
Q

Operation desert storm

A

Military action to remove saddam Hussein from power in Kuwait during Persian gulf war

58
Q

Mutawa’een

A

Religious police in Saudi Arabia that monitor public social behavior

59
Q

Iraq

A

Lies in Fertile Crescent
Arab
Sunni

60
Q

Iran-Iraq War 1980-88

A

Over Shatt al-Arab waterway in Persian gulf
No victory
Us supported Saddam Hussein(Iraq)

61
Q

Persian gulf war(90-91

A

U.S.- Iraq
Saddam tried to take over Kuwait (oil)
Blew up all oil facilities on exit

Allowed to control Iraq after to keep control

62
Q

Turkey

A 
Secular gov
Member or NATO want to join EU
Turkish not Arab
Sunni
Oppose Kurdistan
63
Q

Iran

A

Islamic State
Persian & Shia
Arc enemy of Israel
Opposes Kurdistan

64
Q

Proposed country of Kurdistan

A

Turkey, Iran, Iraq

Heavily opposed

65
Q

Axis of Evil (3 countries)

A

Iran
Iraq
N. Korea

66
Q

Afghanistan-Cold War

A
  • US supported anti-soviet

- Osama Bin Ladin, key player in war for CIA

67
Q

Taliban came to power after 1996

A

Government-Islamic law

Kill over 50,000

68
Q

Osama bin Ladin

A

Rebelled against US after Cold War

Anti-resistance group called al-Qaeda

69
Q

Al Qaeda linked to 9-11

A

Us invades Afghanistan

Oct 7,2001

70
Q

Aral Sea

A

Once 4th largest body of water…shrank to 10% size

Geo-Middle East (1 decks)

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