Middle East

Question 1

What’s the religious explanation for the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Answer 1

Because of disputations and theological disagreements over which progeny of Abraham are the legitimate heirs to the Promised Land of Jerusalem. God designates the Promised Land to the progenitors of Abraham. However Abraham had an illegitimate son Ishmael whom is perceived to be the progenitor of the Arabs. Jews believe they are the progenitors from Jacob, the son of Isaac, the legitimate son of Abraham.

Question 2

What is the Promised Land?

Answer 2

The land which God subsequently gave to Abraham and his descendants.

Question 3

What was the Soviet-Afghan War?

Answer 3

a conflict wherein insurgent groups known collectively as the mujahideen fought a nine-year guerilla war against the military occupation of the Soviet Union of Afghanistan throughout the 1980s.

Question 4

What is was the Mujahideen?

Answer 4

Various Afghani Islamist rebel groups whom fought against the government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union during the Soviet-Afghan War.

Question 5

What countries backed the Mujahideen?

Answer 5

US, Pakistan, Iran Saudi Arabia, China and the United Kingdom.

Question 6

What was the Saur revolution?

Answer 6

A coup that was effectuated by the communistic Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan and overthrew the autocracy established by Mohammad Khan.

Question 7

What was the consequences of the Saur Revolution?

Answer 7

The initiation of radical modernization and land reforms throughout the country; these reforms were significantly unpopular with the more traditional rural population. The repressive nature of the Democratic Republic suppressed political opposition and executed thousands of political prisoners. This lead to the rise of insurgent anti government armed groups.

Question 8

Who was General Secretary Mohammad Taraki and who assassinated him?

Answer 8

A revolutionary communist and was the General Secretary. He was assassinated by Hafizullah Amin.

Question 9

Why did Soviet Union deploy their army in Afghanistan in 1979?

Answer 9

Because the individual whom ordered Taraki’s assassin, Hafizullah, seized the political official position that Taraki formerly occupied. Hafizullah maintained gregariously convivial relationships with the US and this scared the Soviet Union.

Question 10

What happened after Soviet soldiers were successfully deployed?

Answer 10

They staged a coup, killed General Secretary Armin and installed Soviet Loyalist Babrak Karmal into the position of General Secretary.

Question 11

Who demanded the Withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan?

Answer 11

foreign ministers from 34 nations of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

Question 12

How did the United States and United Kingdom provision assistance?

Answer 12

by allocating financial resources, aid and military training to the Mujahideen and guerilla rebel groups in Pakistan.

Question 13

What percentage of Afghan geographical territory was occupied by Soviets and what parts?

Answer 13

Only about 20% and mostly the urban cities and main arteries of communication. Afghan rebel groups occupied the mountain areas.

Question 14

What was the Iran-Iraq War?

Answer 14

A protracted armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that began in September 1980 with the Iraqi invasion of Iran.

Question 15

What Hussein’s rationale and justification for effectuating the invasion?

Answer 15

To prevent the new Iranian government established from the Iranian Revolution to disseminate their ideology into Iraq. There also existed a petrification on part of Hussein with regards to the exploitation of factional sectarian tensions in Iraq and the exportation of the Shia Islamic sect into Iraq.

Question 16

What was the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait?

Answer 16

An invasion operation conducted by Iran on August 2nd whereby it invaded the neighboring Kuwait, consequently resulting in a seven-month-long Iraqi military occupation of the country. The invasion and Iraq’s subsequent refusal to withdraw from Kuwait by a deadline mandated by the United Nations let to the Gulf War.

Question 17

What were the motivations of Iraq invading Kuwait.

Answer 17

Deliberative speculations suggest that Iraq’s inability to finance the $14 billion dollars received in the form of funding by Kuwait for the Iran-Iraq war, Kuwait’s proliferation of petroleum production levels which contributed to the diminution of the rates of profit generated from Iraq and the conceptualization that Kuwait was slant drilling on the Kuwait-Iraqi boarder, subsequently being perceived as a form of theft.

Question 18

What was the Gulf War?

Answer 18

The Gulf War refers to a 1990–1991 armed campaign that was waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition’s efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: Operation Desert Shield, which marked the military buildup from August 1990 to January 1991; and Operation Desert Storm, which began with the aerial bombing campaign against Iraq on 17 January 1991 and came to a close with the American-led Liberation of Kuwait on 28 February 1991.

Question 19

Why did Iraq fire missiles at Israel?

Answer 19

Because of the suspicious intimation of the potentiality of Israel joining the military alliance, contributing to the catalyzation of muslim majority countries to declare their allegiance to Iraq.

Question 20

When was Kuwait Liberated?

Answer 20

February 28 ‘91.

Question 21

What were Al-Qaeda’s motivation for 9/11?

Answer 21

United States support for Israel, American secularist immorality, Sanctions against Iraq, US military presence in Saudi Arabia and the desire to materialize justification for the US launching a retaliation against the Islamic fundamentalist group which would ignite unification across the Muslim world.

Question 22

What was the Afghanistan War?

Answer 22

Afghanistan War, international conflict in Afghanistan beginning in 2001 that was triggered by the September 11 attacks.

Question 23

What was the first phase of the Afghanistan War?

Answer 23

The first phase—toppling the Taliban (the ultraconservative political and religious faction that ruled Afghanistan and provided sanctuary for al-Qaeda, perpetrators of the September 11 attacks)—was brief, lasting just two months.

Question 24

What was the second phase of the Afghanistan War?

Answer 24

The second phase, from 2002 until 2008, was marked by a U.S. strategy of defeating the Taliban militarily and rebuilding core institutions of the Afghan state

Question 25

What is the Ba’athist party?

Answer 25

A secularist Arab nationalist and socialist regime or style of political and economic organization that was practiced in Syria and Iraq and Saddam Hussein. It has an authoritarian bent; the sanctioning of a one-party political government. They advocated for collective ownership of the means of production at the upper echelons of the industry of their economy however don’t support the confiscatory and barbaric process of collectivization to achieve these ends.

Question 26

What was the Iraq War?

Answer 26

The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011 that began with the invasion of Iraq by the United States–led coalition that overthrew the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein.

Question 27

What was the Bush Administrations’ rationale for launching an invasion into Iraq?

Answer 27

Because of the intimation that Saddam Hussein was harboring weapons of mass destruction and his championing of Islamic terrorism.

Question 28

Why is this rationale erroneous?

Answer 28

The United Nations Security Council conducted meticulous investigations into the legitimacy of these claims and found no evidence. No evidence was either found of Saddam’s Ba’athist governments’ ties with the Salafi Jihadist movement of Al-Qaeda. Saddam and Bin Laden contained massive detestations of one another, partially because of the secularist nature of Ba’athism and the mass executions perpetrated against Islam when necessary.

Question 29

How did the American-led coalition initiate the invasion of Iraq?

Answer 29

By a massive concatenation of air strikes, overwhelming the Iraqi military.

Question 30

What happened after the collapse of the Ba’athist government?

Answer 30

A widespread civil war occurred between Islamic Sunni and Shi’a sects and a massive insurgency that militarily opposed the presence of the American-led coalition and the new Iraqi government.

Question 31

What led to the Iraqi Civil War (‘06-08)

Answer 31

The diminution and dilapidation of the Ba’athist government, a miscellaneous variability of Islamic sects desiring to obtain preeminence and ascendancy in the country in addition to Al-Qaeda bombing the Al-Askari Shrine, an Islamic site considered most holiest by the Shia sect of Islam.

Question 32

What was the Iranian Revolution?

Answer 32

A revolution that occurred within Iran in 1978 that materialized a defenestration and subversion of the pro-Western secular authoritarian Monarchy with an anti-Western Islamist Theocracy.

Question 33

What were the broad Islamic aspirations of the Iranian revolution?

Answer 33

the revolution sought a region-wide Shia revival, and an uprooting of the existent dominant Arab Sunni hegemony in the Middle East; this has brought the country into conflict with Saudi Arabia, and to this day the two countries are fighting a proxy conflict for influence in the Middle East and the Muslim World.