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Acoustics II: Outer & Middle Ear > Middle Ear I > Flashcards

Middle Ear I Flashcards

1
Q

What does the tympanic membrane look like? What does it weigh?

A

Oval, smooth pearl gray in appearance. Also, cone shaped (displaced medially) and partially translucent. It weighs 14 mg.

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2
Q

What are the three layers of tissue of the tympanic membrane?

A

Cutaneous, Fibrous (intermediate), and Internal mucosal layers.

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3
Q

What is the cutaneous (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane?

A

The most superficial, peripheral and lateral layer of the membrane. It is continuous with the lining of the EAM.

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4
Q

What is the fibrous (intermediate) middle layer of the tympanic membrane? What are it’s two layers?

A

The layer that is responsible for the compliance of the eardrum. Consists of radial fibers and concentric rings of fibrous tissue.

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5
Q

How are the radial fibers and concentric rings of fibrous tissue distributed throughout the fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane?

A

The radial fibers radiate from the center toward the periphery (think spokes of a wheel), and are distributed unevenly throughout the tympanic membrane. The concentric rings of fibrous tissue are denser towards the periphery and where the membrane attaches to the manubrium of the malleus.

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6
Q

What is the internal mucosal layer of the tympanic membrane?

A

The most medial layer, continuous with the lining of the middle ear cavity.

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7
Q

What is the tympanic annulus? What is it’s purpose?

A

The periphery of the membrane, except for small portion superiorly, is thickened to form a fibrocartilaginous ring. It holds the tympanic membrane in place.

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8
Q

What is the tympanic sulcus?

A

A groove in the body wall of the meatus that accommodates the annulus.

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9
Q

What is the notch of rivinus?

A

An opening/deficiency in the the superior aspect of the tympanic annulus caused by a tiny interruption in the tympanic sulcus.

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10
Q

What is the malleolar stria? Where is it located in the left ear? In the right ear?

A

Opaque whitish streak in the superior and slightly anterior direction which is formed by the attachment of the manubrium of the malleus. In the left ear it is located at 11 o’clock, and in the right ear it is located at 1 o’clock.

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11
Q

What is the malleolar prominence?

A

Formed by the attachment of the lateral process of the malleus to the eardrum. Made up of anterior and posterior malleolar folds.

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12
Q

What are the anterior and posterior malleolar folds?

A

Ligamentous bands that run from both sides of the malleolar prominence to the notch of rivinus in order to form triangular area known as pars flaccida.

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13
Q

What is the umbo? What is it’s function?

A

The point of attachment of the center of the tympanic membrane with the manubrium. It draws the membrane inward, and is the tip of the cone of the region of maximal concavity in membrane.

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14
Q

What is the pars flaccida?

A

Region of membrane where fibers are sparse. Formed by malleolar folds in superior region.

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15
Q

What is the pars tensa? What is it divided into?

A

The remainder of the eardrum. Four quadrants: anterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior superior, and posterior inferior.

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16
Q

What is an otoscope?

A

Used to examine the ear.

17
Q

What is the cone of light? Where is it located in the left ear? In the right?

A

A wedge shaped reflected spot of light usually seen radiating from the center towards the periphery in the inferior anterior quadrant. Located at 7 o’clock in the left ear and 5 o’clock in the right ear.

18
Q

The movable area of the tympanic membrane is ___.

A

55m squared

19
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

Three smallest bones in the body.

20
Q

What is the malleus?

A

First of three bones in the ossicle chain.

21
Q

What is the head of the malleus?

A

Bulb shaped portion that projects upward into the epitympanic recess.

22
Q

What is the neck of the malleus?

A

Constriction between manubrium and head.

23
Q

What is the manubrium of the malleus?

A

Attaches to tympanic membrane, most intimate attachment occurring at umbo.

24
Q

What is the anterior process of the malleus?

A

Spine like process that can be seen in region of juncture of manubrium and head.

25
Q

What is the lateral process of the malleus?

A

Directs laterally to attach to upper potion of the tympanic membrane.

26
Q

What is the articular facet of the malleus? What joint does it form?

A

On posterior surface, serves as connection point for incus. Forms incudomalleal joint.

27
Q

What is the incus?

A

The middle of the ossicle chain.

28
Q

What is the body of the incus?

A

On anterior surface of body is an articular facet that serves as the contact point for the incus’ connection to the malleus (incudomalleal joint).

29
Q

What is the short process of the incus?

A

Directs posterior in horizontal plane and occupies space of the fossa incudes in the epitympanic recess.

30
Q

What is the long process of the incus?

A

Courses in a vertical direction somewhat parallel to the manubrium of the malleus.

31
Q

What is the lenticular process of the incus?

A

Inferior end of long process where it terminates a a rounded projection- articulates with the head of the stapes.

32
Q

What is the stapes?

A

Third bone in ossicle chain. Smallest in body.

33
Q

What is the head of the stapes?

A

Forms point of connection for lenticular process of incus. Has a small spine where tendon of stapedius muscle attaches.

34
Q

What is the neck of the stapes?

A

Constriction between head and crura.

35
Q

What are the anterior and posterior crura of the stapes? Which is smaller?

A

Strong delicate struts close to inferior portion of stapes. Anterior crus is smaller.

36
Q

What is the footplate of the stapes? What does it consist of?

A

Occupies oval window. Part osseous, part cartilaginous.

37
Q

What is the obturator foramen of the stapes?

A

The triangular space formed by crura and footplate.

38
Q

What is the eardrum/tympanic membrane? How is it situated in the EAM?

A

Marks the medial boundary of EAM, and lateral boundary for middle ear cavity. Forms obtuse angle with upper wall and acute angle with lower wall.

Acoustics II: Outer & Middle Ear (5 decks)

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