Middle Childhood: Emotional and Social Development

Question 1

Erikson’s Stage of

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 1

• 4th Stage of Erikson’s psychosocial model of development.
• Interested in knowing how things work and are made
• Importance of opportunities for hands-on learning during this time period

Question 2

Greenspan’s Emotional Milestones: School Years

Answer 2

The World is My Oyster
(ages 4.5 - 7 years)

The World is Other Kids
(ages 8 to 10)

The World is Inside of Me
(ages 11 to 12)

Question 3

The World is My Oyster

Answer 3

(ages 4.5 - 7 years)
•Lots of creativity, “anything is possible” outlook, kids see themselves as superheroes
•Want everything to be fun and exciting, including learning
•Struggle with power vs. fears
•Triangular relationships (me, Mom and Dad)- teach child dynamics of situations beyond one-on-one
(Greenspan & Salmon, 1993)

Question 4

The World is Other Kids

Answer 4

(ages 8 to 10)
•Move away from family and into peer circles
•Immerse themselves in “playground politics”
•Self image shaped by peers (soars or plummets based on peers)
•Learns group dynamics and social expectations
•Peers get ranked by popularity, attractiveness, athleticism, etc.
•A more defined sense of self will emerge toward the end of this stage
(Greenspan & Salmon, 1993)

Question 5

The World is Inside of Me

Answer 5

(ages 11 to 12)
•Develops stronger “inner picture” of themselves based on their goals, values and interests rather than just peer acceptance (not just concerned about what others think of them)
•Morality and guilt become factors, not just guided by external forces anymore
•“They can now hold on to two realities at once: their peer group reality and their emerging inner reality of values and attitudes” (Greenspan & Salmon, 1993, p. 14)
•Struggle with moving further away from parents vs. yearning for childhood dependency and closeness (Greenspan & Salmon, 1993)

Question 6

Coopersmith Self esteem Inventory

•High levels of self esteem in children related to:

Answer 6

• 1. parents had high self esteem and accepting of children
• 2. parents enforced clearly defined limits
• 3. parents showed respect for children’s rights and opinions

•COMPETENT, WARM, FIRM, ACCEPTING PARENTING DEVELOPS HIGH SELF ESTEEM

Question 7

Gender cleavage

Answer 7

The tendency for boys to associate with boys and girls to associate with girls

Question 8

Self image

Answer 8

Image one has of oneself.

-one theory is that it develops as a reflection of what others think about themself.

Question 9

Self esteem

Answer 9

An overall dimension of ones self worth or self image.

Question 10

Motivation

Answer 10

• Defined as inner states and process that prompt, direct, and sustain activity
• Extrinsic motivation
• Intrinsic motivation
• Locus of control
• Internal vs external
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Teachers treat children as they will succeed or fail

Question 11

Peer Groups

Answer 11

• Kids can exercise control away from adults
• Experience relationships in which they are on equal footing
• Only social institution in which position of child is not marginalized
• Transmission of information, folklore, jokes, riddles

Question 12

Body image

Answer 12

• By age 6, some girls try to lose weight
• Favorable stereotype of males is mesomorph
• Significant relationship between physical attractiveness and popularity

Question 13

Developmental functions of school

Answer 13

• Teach core subjects
• Society’s dominant values
• Upward mobility
• Services for disabilities- IEP