Middle Ages Flashcards
How old was a boy when he became a page and what were his duties?
Age 7
He had to care for knights’ horses, ran errands for the ladies and polished knights’ armor.
What is the fist stage of becoming a knight?
Page
What did a page learn?
Good manners horseback riding and fighting
What did a knight become at the age of fifteen and what did he now do?
Squire
Trained by one knight and went into battle with him.
Would rescue his knight if he fell off the horse
What was the knighting ceremony called?
Dubbing
What promises did a knight make during the knighting ceremony?
To defend his lord and the church and protect the weak
What was the purpose of a tournament?
To test a the strength skill and endurance of a knight
What was the code of chivalry?
A knight must obey his lord Show bravery Respect women of noble birth Honor the church Help people
What else was a knight supposed to do
Be honest and fight fairly
Give three examples of how the church influenced daily life
Most people did not eat meat on Fridays
Mass in Sundays
Men had religious ceremony to become a vassal or a knight
Give three expels of how the church played a role in politics
Church officials governed Western Europe with knights and knobles.
Church officials were advisors to kings and nobility.
Kept records for lords who could not read or write
Told people what laws to obey
What wastage purpose if the inquisition?
To end heresy by force
What is heresy?
Going against official docerine of the church
How did the church become rich?
Members gave ten percent of its income
Nobles donated money for churchs and gave monestaries land
How did the church react to it’s growing wealth and what did people do?
Religious leaders became careless
People worried
Campaigned to restore church to ideals
What was a noble women responsible for?
Overseeing the household Supervise cooking instruction of young girls Weave cloth Embroidery Raising kids Marriage greatest duty
What is the Black Plague and what were its symptoms?
Yersinia pestis High fever Swelling lymph nodes Blue black bruising caused from bleeding Twitching or jerking Bad smelling pus
How was the plague spread?
From fleas on rats
Lives in rats blood
Infected rats boarded ship from kaffa to Sicily
How many people died in Europe as a result of the plague?
One third of Europe
25 million people
What effect did the plague have on Europe?
Large estates had no workers
Villages abandoned
Workers dies and we’re unable to farm land
Surplus food prices dropped
Industrial crisis prices on non food soared from lack of workers
Printing press developed because lack of workers
How did surviving peasants benefit from the plague?
More power because less of them
Wanted pay
Why did the plague lead people to question their view of the world?
Constant fear if plague
What was the purpose of the Crusades?
Christians wanted control of Jerusalem from the Muslims
Who lost the crusades? Why?
Christians not united
What were some if the spiritual reasons to go on crusades?
Spiritual rewards
Remission of sins
Immediate entry to heaven if died in battle field
How dis the crusades boost trade?
Opened up rest of world
Increase standard of living with middle eastern and Asian products
Italy wealthy from trade
Sailors liked items brought back so they explored routes to Asia
Behavior and culture changed
How dis the crusades effect the feudal system?
Lords lost money➡️lost land➡️killed➡️ families in debt
Peasant got world view and expierience and wanted to explore away from manor
What did a lord receive from ruling over his manor?
Income from land
Protection from lord or king
Give two reasons why farming was difficult
Crop rotation deteriorated soil
Ox drawn plow
What was a peasant obligated to do for his lord?
Work a certain number of days on the lords land
Give crops and animals from own land to lord
Give lord fish caught on manor
Three words or phrases to describe a peasants living condition
Dirty
Little privacy
Famine
What is a serf?
A person bound to land
What was a freeman?
A person who owned a small piece of land and could move around freely
Define feudal system
Lord gives a vassal land
Vassal gives loyalty knights and income
Define manorialism
Self sufficient
Land owning noble gives protection
Workers give goods and services
What were good locations for towns?
Near cathedrals or castles
Seaports
Along trade routes
At cross roads
What caused trade to increase?
Population increase Economy prospered Towns increase in size Heavier plow saved time in fields and allowed more food growth New trade routes opened bc crusades
What is a charter?
A grant that allowed a town to rule itself
What did a charter allow a town to do?
Make own laws
Elect own officials
Levy own taxes
Create own army
How did a town get a charter?
By paying yearly rent to lord or king
What are the purposes of a guild?
Protect merchants
Name prices
What are the three stages of becoming a guild member?
Apprentice
Journeyman
Master
What did an apprentice do?
Learned trade
Worked for clothes and meals at a masters home
When did an apprentice become a journeyman and what did he do?
Earned daily wages but still learned
How did a journeyman become a master and a member of the guild?
By having something he made be examined and approved by guild
What was the purpose of a castle
Safe haven for communities
Home of kings and nobles
Defend lord against enemies
Two things to think about when choosing site for castle
What site best protects
What site gives best advantage
Three typical places for a castle
High on a mountain
On banks of river
On top of rocky cliff
