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History of Western Cultures > Middle Ages > Flashcards

Middle Ages Flashcards

0
Q

How old was a boy when he became a page and what were his duties?

A

Age 7

He had to care for knights’ horses, ran errands for the ladies and polished knights’ armor.

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1
Q

What is the fist stage of becoming a knight?

A

Page

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2
Q

What did a page learn?

A

Good manners horseback riding and fighting

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3
Q

What did a knight become at the age of fifteen and what did he now do?

A

Squire
Trained by one knight and went into battle with him.
Would rescue his knight if he fell off the horse

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4
Q

What was the knighting ceremony called?

A

Dubbing

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5
Q

What promises did a knight make during the knighting ceremony?

A

To defend his lord and the church and protect the weak

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6
Q

What was the purpose of a tournament?

A

To test a the strength skill and endurance of a knight

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7
Q

What was the code of chivalry?

A 
A knight must obey his lord
Show bravery
Respect women of noble birth 
Honor the church
Help people
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8
Q

What else was a knight supposed to do

A

Be honest and fight fairly

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9
Q

Give three examples of how the church influenced daily life

A

Most people did not eat meat on Fridays
Mass in Sundays
Men had religious ceremony to become a vassal or a knight

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10
Q

Give three expels of how the church played a role in politics

A

Church officials governed Western Europe with knights and knobles.
Church officials were advisors to kings and nobility.
Kept records for lords who could not read or write
Told people what laws to obey

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11
Q

What wastage purpose if the inquisition?

A

To end heresy by force

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12
Q

What is heresy?

A

Going against official docerine of the church

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13
Q

How did the church become rich?

A

Members gave ten percent of its income

Nobles donated money for churchs and gave monestaries land

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14
Q

How did the church react to it’s growing wealth and what did people do?

A

Religious leaders became careless
People worried
Campaigned to restore church to ideals

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15
Q

What was a noble women responsible for?

A 
Overseeing the household
Supervise cooking instruction of young girls 
Weave cloth
Embroidery 
Raising kids
Marriage greatest duty
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16
Q

What is the Black Plague and what were its symptoms?

A 
Yersinia pestis
High fever
Swelling lymph nodes
Blue black bruising caused from bleeding
Twitching or jerking
Bad smelling pus
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17
Q

How was the plague spread?

A

From fleas on rats
Lives in rats blood
Infected rats boarded ship from kaffa to Sicily

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18
Q

How many people died in Europe as a result of the plague?

A

One third of Europe

25 million people

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19
Q

What effect did the plague have on Europe?

A

Large estates had no workers
Villages abandoned
Workers dies and we’re unable to farm land
Surplus food prices dropped
Industrial crisis prices on non food soared from lack of workers
Printing press developed because lack of workers

20
Q

How did surviving peasants benefit from the plague?

A

More power because less of them

Wanted pay

21
Q

Why did the plague lead people to question their view of the world?

A

Constant fear if plague

22
Q

What was the purpose of the Crusades?

A

Christians wanted control of Jerusalem from the Muslims

23
Q

Who lost the crusades? Why?

A

Christians not united

24
Q

What were some if the spiritual reasons to go on crusades?

A

Spiritual rewards
Remission of sins
Immediate entry to heaven if died in battle field

25
Q

How dis the crusades boost trade?

A

Opened up rest of world
Increase standard of living with middle eastern and Asian products
Italy wealthy from trade
Sailors liked items brought back so they explored routes to Asia
Behavior and culture changed

26
Q

How dis the crusades effect the feudal system?

A

Lords lost money➡️lost land➡️killed➡️ families in debt

Peasant got world view and expierience and wanted to explore away from manor

27
Q

What did a lord receive from ruling over his manor?

A

Income from land

Protection from lord or king

28
Q

Give two reasons why farming was difficult

A

Crop rotation deteriorated soil

Ox drawn plow

29
Q

What was a peasant obligated to do for his lord?

A

Work a certain number of days on the lords land
Give crops and animals from own land to lord
Give lord fish caught on manor

30
Q

Three words or phrases to describe a peasants living condition

A

Dirty
Little privacy
Famine

31
Q

What is a serf?

A

A person bound to land

32
Q

What was a freeman?

A

A person who owned a small piece of land and could move around freely

33
Q

Define feudal system

A

Lord gives a vassal land

Vassal gives loyalty knights and income

34
Q

Define manorialism

A

Self sufficient
Land owning noble gives protection
Workers give goods and services

35
Q

What were good locations for towns?

A

Near cathedrals or castles
Seaports
Along trade routes
At cross roads

36
Q

What caused trade to increase?

A 
Population increase
Economy prospered 
Towns increase in size
Heavier plow saved time in fields and allowed more food growth
New trade routes opened bc crusades
37
Q

What is a charter?

A

A grant that allowed a town to rule itself

38
Q

What did a charter allow a town to do?

A

Make own laws
Elect own officials
Levy own taxes
Create own army

39
Q

How did a town get a charter?

A

By paying yearly rent to lord or king

40
Q

What are the purposes of a guild?

A

Protect merchants

Name prices

41
Q

What are the three stages of becoming a guild member?

A

Apprentice
Journeyman
Master

42
Q

What did an apprentice do?

A

Learned trade

Worked for clothes and meals at a masters home

43
Q

When did an apprentice become a journeyman and what did he do?

A

Earned daily wages but still learned

44
Q

How did a journeyman become a master and a member of the guild?

A

By having something he made be examined and approved by guild

45
Q

What was the purpose of a castle

A

Safe haven for communities
Home of kings and nobles
Defend lord against enemies

46
Q

Two things to think about when choosing site for castle

A

What site best protects

What site gives best advantage

47
Q

Three typical places for a castle

A

High on a mountain
On banks of river
On top of rocky cliff

History of Western Cultures (1 decks)

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