Middle Ages Flashcards
Dura Europos
a small trading city on the Euphrates river in between the eastern roman empire and the parthian. the city was occupied by hellenistic, parthian, and roman civilizations.
Synagogue
a building where jewish assembly or congregation meets for religous worship
the synagogue in dura europos was painted with biblocal scenes
Huqoq synagogue mosaics
mosaics of biblical scenes that depict important moments
house church
building used for christian worship services, used to host festivals and church ales
earliest example is the dura-europos
catacombs
cemeteries underground with murals in the ceiling depecting biblical scenes
good shepard
popular depiction of christ in the third and fourth centuries, a comon motif in the catacombs of rome and sarcophagus reliefs.
constantine the great
made christianity the main religion of rome, created constantinoble, which became the most powerful city in the world
battle of the milvian bridge edict of milan
constantine marched against rome and clashed with maxentius’s forces in the 312 battle of the milvian bridge, when constantine won he solidified his rile in the western half of the empire and issued the 313 edict of milan which ended the persecution of christianity.
basilica
a large public building with multiple functions that was given special designation by the pope
also a special type of church building with an oblonge square shape
central-plan church
a church with the altar at the center and often used for baptisteries or tombs
evolution of images of jesus
began to be created for individual practice but caused distress in the church and worry that they would stop recieving donations so they destroyed all the icons.
role of manuscripts
took alot of work and money to put together, was considered a dedication to god, written works.
justinian
byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitous building program, including hagia sofia, as well as a new legal code.
theodora
the wife of justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the byzantine empire and encouraged her husband to stay in constantinoble and fight the nike revolt.
hagia sophia
the cathedral of holy wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the byzantine emperor Justinian
icons
representation or image of a sacred personage, often considered sacred itself, an image or picture, a symbol, graphic symbol on a computer monitor display, an object of blind devotion
iconclasm
the deliberate destruction of religious icons and symbols
illuminated manuscripts
a handwritten book decorated with bright colors and precious metals
animal and ribbon interlace
decorative motif in calligraphy that features interwined animal forms
romanesque art
building style: rounded arches, vaults, and columns reminiscent of ancient rome.
artwork of europe which reflected roman, eastern, and byzantine influences, from the 10th to mid 12th century
christian pilgrimage
tracked far to see relics at rome, compostela, and jerusalem. travel industry emerges
pilgrimage churches
a place that people would travel to atone for sins, seek a cure, or assure salvation
relics
valued holy objects from the past
reliquary
a container for holy relics
church portal sculpture
opening in a wall of a building, gate, or fortification, especially a grand enterence to an important structure
gothic cathedrals
large churches originating in the 12th century france built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows.
islam
second largest religion in the world. monotheistic faith, 5 pillars of islam; faith, prayer, fasting, almsgiving, pilgrimage
muhammad
arab prophet; founder of religion of islam
mecca
city in western arabia; birthplace of the prophet muhammad, and ritual center of the islamic religion
kaaba
the most sacred temple of islam, located at mecca
a square black box that muslims pray in the direction to multiple times a day
medina
city in western arabia to which the prophet muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in mecca
qu’ran (koran)
the holy book of islam
5 pillars of faith
belief, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgramige
dome of rock: central-plan shrine
muslim shrine containing the rock from which mohammad is believed to have risen to heaven; jews believe abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac in the rock
hypostyle mosque
a mosque whose hall is characterized by many closely spaced columns that support its roof
minaret
a distinctive feature of mosque architecture, a tower from which the faithful are called to worship
muezzin
a man who calls muslims to prayer from the minaret of a mosque
calligraphy
the artistic practice of writing in languages that use the arabic alphabet
regional mosques: adaptability of islamic architecture
architecture of mosque is influenced by the regional traditions of the time and place where it was built
human sacrifice
a person who is killed as part of a religious ritual
constantinoble
a large and wealthy city that was imperial capital of the byzantine empire and later the ottoman empire now known as istanbul
