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Mid2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of statistical information is easiest to use to evaluate risk?

A
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2
Q

Which of the following is actually a viral disease?

A

Leukemia

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3
Q

Approx what percentage of fatal cancers are caused by smoking?

A

30%

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4
Q

Why do most people avoid statistics when making decisions about risk?

A

They have an emotional need for certainty

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5
Q

What was the major barrier to developing taxol as a cancer drug?

A

The he rarity of the taxol tree, limited quantities available

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6
Q

Where does our feelings of risk come from?

A

Numbers, familiarity, dread

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7
Q

What is the conversations about risks about?

A

Choice, Justice, and someone reducing the worth of something that is valuable to you

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8
Q

Which performance enhancing drug is currently hardest to detect

A

Erythropoietin

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9
Q

How do anabolic steroids benefit an athlete?

A

Speed repair of damaged muscle fibers

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10
Q

Why are drugs given to race horses

A

To make them slower and fix the races to make them win

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11
Q

Why were amphetamines given to allied soldiers in ww2?

A

To increase aggression and morale

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12
Q

Which country first used steroids for sports training!

A

USSR/Soviet Union

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13
Q

Number 1 cause of death in Canada?

A

Cancer

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14
Q

Which type of cancer do you do to yourself

A

lung cancer

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15
Q

why is there a diff in male and female cancer rates

A

behaviour (men smoke earlier and often than women)

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16
Q

what must occur in a normal cell in order to divide

A

cell has to receive more than 1 specific chemical signals

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17
Q

one major problem with cancer cells?

A

they are mobile

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18
Q

why are cancer cells smaller than reg cells

A

divide asap

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19
Q

what are HeLa cells

A

Cells from Henrietta Lacks that have been growing in labs since 1951

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20
Q

why were HeLa cells discovered?

A

she had cervical cancer and the cells would grow in a petrie dish outside her body

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21
Q

why does cancer take 20 years ti develop

A

takes 8 to 10 mutations per cell

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22
Q

what are cascading chemical reaction

A

signalling systems

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23
Q

what are the 2 ways that cell division is regulated

A

stimulation and repression

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24
Q

what is stimulation

A

growth signal

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25
what is repression
signal that tells cells not to grow
26
what do cancer mutations involve
loss of function
27
what was the leading cause of death in 1900 in CAD
infections
28
why can't we use genetic repair on cancer mutations
expensive, difficult and unreliable
29
what is p53
important breaking protein in body
30
apoptosis (p53)
cell destruction in cell
31
why is apoptosis beneficial
protects body from viruses and cancer
32
what are 3 most important risk factors of developing fatal cancers
tobacco, poor diet and obesity
33
what is telomere
counts cell division
34
what is telomerase
protein that makes cancer cells immortal and repairing telomere
35
what % of cancer is caused by controllable factors
65-70%
36
Of the 4800 chemicals that tobacco smoke contains, how many are carcinogenic?
40
37
what is addictive substance in tobacco smoke
nicotine
38
what is main carcinogen in tobacco
polonium-210
39
why can u touch polonium in solid form
alpha-emitters are safe
40
what factors tend to vastly inflate out of perception of risk
dread
41
what 2 factors contribute to risk from drugs
exposure and toxicity
42
what type of microbe is affected by antibiotics
bacteria
43
why does penicillin cause allergies
44
how do fruits and veggies protect us
contain chemicals that stimulate hydrolase production which protect against DNA mutations
45
what % of cancer death are viruses responsible for
15%
46
what is most carcinogenic substance kniwn
phorbol
47
why does your hair fall out during cancer treatemnet
targets fast growing cells
48
Why did they engineer the chemical structure of Mustard gas to change sulphur to nitrogen in mustine?
This caused a slower chemical reaction. This gave them selectivity between normal cells and fast growing cells.
49
what happens when a messenger binds to a receptor
receptor changes shape
50
what do antibodies stick to
apitopes
51
what describe the effect pf a high doses of nicotine
acetylcholine antagonist causing relaxation
52
why is ammonia added to cig tovacco
removes acid that destroys nictine which increases delivery (addiction)
53
what is most effective way to treat all types of cancers
cisplatin
54
what food supply was important for large scale penicillin manufacturer
milk
55
what is toxic substance in yew bark
taxol
56
what type of cancer is taxol 30% effective against
breast
57
when were antibiotics discovered
1940-1959
58
what is disabled during tumour formation
apoptosis (cell destruction)
59
out of all the dope products, which is the best one
strychnine
60
what substance is most dangerous in tobacco
carbon monixide
61
What were two side effects of amphetamines?
Good decongestant and induced sleeplessness.
62
Why were methamphetamines used in the war?
They last a long time and operate very quickly. They have the same side effects as amphetamines.
63
what is the most likely way that random mutation will stimulate the cell's division cycle
damage off switch so it no longer functions
64
why do some viruses cause cancer
prevent apoptosis
65
what are the 2 sub-systems of the involuntary nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
66
what drug is used to mask the steroid use
epitestosterone
67
what is the means by which sulpha drugs inhibit bacterial growth
sulpha drugs become stuck in the enzyme that makes coenzyme F
68
how was the cancer dug Cisplatin discovered
passing an electric current through bacteria stopped cell division
69
why is Carb mono dangerous
interferes with oxygen transport
70
which is not part of the scientific definition of addictiveness
intoxication
71
why is nicotine potentially dangerous
stimulates the heart
72
Filter paper in cigarettes
Only decoration
73
What is semisythesis
Synthesis of natural sources into synthetic material
74
What is the most death caused by smoking
Heart attack
75
Why is vaping dangerous to children
Kids can drink the e-fluid
76
Why is vaping dangerous to children
Kids can drink the e-fluid
77
Where is the most dangerous bacteria
Hospitals
78
Who changed the perspective about doping
Ben Johnson
79
What was important for the manufacturing of penicillin
Fungi production, oxygen addition to tanks
80
When mental health drugs came out
1950's
81
What does EPO do in the body
Stimulates the manufacture of rod blood cells
82
What does a mass spectrometer do
Weighs molecules
83
What does a gas chromatograph to?
Measures amounts
84
What is urine switching
Fill empty bladder with clean urine using catheter
85
What con cause cancer in tobacco smoking
Combustion - by products
86
Where is the tobacco in the recon cigarettes
In the paper
87
What can cause schizophrenia
High dopamine
88
What does low serotonin cause?
OCD

Midterm2 (1 decks)

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