Mid Year Exams geog!!! Flashcards
What is a cold environment?
An area of land always covered by ice. It may have glaciers, ice sheets and frozen rock or soil.
Cold environments are characterized by their persistent ice coverage.
Are cold environments usually found in high latitudes or low latitudes?
High latitudes
Cold environments are typically located closer to the poles.
Are cold environments usually found in high altitudes or low altitudes?
High altitudes
Cold environments can also be found in mountainous regions regardless of latitude.
True or false: There is a cold environment on every continent.
True
Cold environments exist in various forms across all continents.
What is the term for the system of glaciers that includes inputs, processes, and outputs?
Glacial budget
The glacial budget is essential for understanding glacier dynamics.
Which of these is the definition for the zone of accumulation?
A. Where there are outputs from the glacial budget.
B. Where there are inputs into the glacial budget.
B. Where there are inputs into the glacial budget.
The zone of accumulation is where snowfall and ice formation occur.
What might happen in the zone of ablation?
Melting due to temperature rise
The zone of ablation is where ice loss occurs, primarily through melting.
Which of the following definitions is for plucking?
A. When rocks which have frozen to the base and the back of the glacier scrapes the bedrock.
B. Melt water from a glacier freezes to the rock. When the ice moves downhill, rock is taken from
the back wall.
C. When melt water or rain gets into cracks in the bedrock. At night the water freezes, expands
and causes the crack to get larger. Eventually the rock will break away
A. Melt water from a glacier freezes to the rock. When the ice moves downhill, rock is taken from the back wall.
Plucking is a significant process of glacial erosion.
Which of the following definitions is for abrasion?
A. When rocks which have frozen to the base and the back of the glacier scrapes the bedrock.
B. Melt water from a glacier freezes to the rock. When the ice moves downhill, rock is taken from
the back wall.
C. When melt water or rain gets into cracks in the bedrock. At night the water freezes, expands
and causes the crack to get larger. Eventually the rock will break away
A. When rocks which have frozen to the base and the back of the glacier scrapes the bedrock.
Abrasion contributes to the smoothing of the glacier’s bedrock.
Which is the best description of a corrie?
A. A sharp peak to a mountain top.
B.Knifes edge shape on sides of a mountain.
C.An a mchair shape with a steep back wall and a ta n.
D.A wide valley with steep sides and flat valley floor
C. An armchair shape with a steep back wall and a tarn.
Corries are formed by glacial erosion and often contain a small lake called a tarn.
Summarise the formation of a corrie in 3 key steps.
- Compressed snow forms a corrie.
- Rocks start to break away beacuse of abrastion
- The floor of the corrie gets deeper, and back walls become steeper beacuse of freeze thaw weathering
The rotational pull of the glacier contributes to the erosion process.
What shape do glaciated valleys typically have?
U shaped valleys with steep sides, a wide valley floor.
This shape indicates significant glacial movement and erosion.
How could you see steep land on an OS map?
The contour lines are close together
Close contour lines indicate a steep gradient in elevation.
To find a grid reference on an OS map, which rule do you follow?
along the corridor and up the stairs
This mnemonic helps locate specific grid references accurately.
Where is the majority (69%) of the world’s fresh water held?
In ice
Most of the Earth’s fresh water is stored in glaciers and ice sheets.
Which ice melt is going to add more to the rising sea levels?
Melting land ice (glaciers)
Melting land ice contributes directly to sea level rise, unlike sea ice.
