Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A2 Physics > Mid year Exam formulas and definitions > Flashcards

Mid year Exam formulas and definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Radian definition

A

the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of equal length to the radius of the circle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Angular displacement definition

A

the angle of arc through which the object has moved from its starting position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Angular speed definition

A

the angular displacement per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Angular speed equation

A

angular speed =
angular displacement / time take

ω = ∆θ / ∆t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Angular speed equation for a single revolution

A

ω = 2π / T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Key equation for speed involving angular speed

A

speed = angular speed x radius
v = ωr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Newton’s first law (of motion) definition

A

an object remains at rest or travels at constant velocity unless it is acted on by a resultant force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Centripetal force definition

A

the resultant force on an object towards the centre of the circle when the object is rotating around that circle at constant speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Centripetal acceleration definition

A

the acceleration of an object towards the centre of the circle when the object is rotating at constant speed round that circle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Centripetal acceleration key formulae

A

a = v² / r
a = rω²

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Newton’s second law (of motion) definition

A

the resultant force on a body is proportional to the rate of change of momentum of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Additional circular motion formulas

A

v = 2πr/T
Fc = mv² / r
F𝒸 = mω²r
Fc = Ft + (-Fg)
∆θ = ω∆t = 2π∆t/T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Resonance

A

occurs when the frequency of the driving force is equal to the natural frequency of the oscillating system.
The system absorbs the maximum energy from the driver and has maximum amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Simple Harmonic Motion

A

When acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement and acceleration and displacement are in opposite directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Additional SHM formulas

A

Fr = Fs (restoring force and spring force)
a = -ω²x
Xₜ = Xₒsinωt (given start time [ t = 0 ] else is cos)
Vₜ = Vₒcosωt (given start time [ t = 0 ] else is sin)
aₜ = aₒsinωt (given start time [ t = 0] else is cos)
Vₜ = ± ω √Xₒ² - Xₜ²
v = ωₒxₒ
vmax = 2πfA (A is amplitude)
amax = –(2πf)²A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Formulas for SHM MSO (4)

A

ω² = k/m
a = -k/m . x
T = 2π √m/k
ma = -2kx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Formulas for SHM pendulum (4)

A

ω² = g/l
a = -x . g/l
T 2π √l/g
sinθ = x/l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Energy in SHM formulas (3)

A

Eₜₒₜₐₗ = Eₖ + Eₚ
∆W = ∆Eₖ = ∆Eₚ
Eₜₒₜₐₗ = Eₖ₍ₜ₎+ Eₚ₍ₜ₎

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Damping

A

Reduction in amplitude due to resistive forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Total energy of a system undergoing simple harmonic motion

A

E₀ = 1/2mω²x₀² = 1/2mv₀²

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Internal energy

A

the sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies of the atoms or molecules in a system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

∆U = q + W

The increase in internal energy of a body is equal to the thermal energy transferred to it by heating plus the mechanical work done on it

If the volume of a gas is constant it can not do any work
Any change at constant temp Q = W as U must equal 0
Any change where no heat is lost or gained Q = 0 and subsequently ∆U = -W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Work done when the volume of a gas changes at constant pressure

A

W = p∆V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

a condition when 2 or more objects in contact have the same temperature so that there is no net flow of energy between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
To convert temperatures between degrees Celsius and Kelvin
θ (in ºC) = T (in K) – 273.15 T (in K) = θ (in ºC) + 273.15 T ALWAYS in kelvin when dealing with gasses and gas laws
26
Specific heat capacity
the energy required by unit mass per unit temperature change Q = mc∆T P = VI E = VIt
27
Specific latent heat of fusion/vaporization
the amount of heat energy per unit mass needed to convert unit mass of solid/liquid to liquid/gas without change in temperature Q = mL P = ∆m/∆t . Lv Energy needed to raise temp and melt or raise temp and vapourise is Q = mc∆T + ml Change in energy for 2 different substances is: Substance that doesn't change state Q = m1c1∆ (Toriginal1 - Tfinal) Substance that changes state Q = m2c2∆(Tfinal - (Toriginal2)) + m2L2 equate the 2 as they both equal to Q and solve
28
Boyle’s Law
p₁V₁ = p₂V₂
29
Charles’s Law
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
30
Combined equation for fixed mass of gas
p₁V₁/T₁(n₁) = p₂V₂/T₂(n₂) remove whatever from the equation that is constant to solve for missing variable
31
Ideal gas
a gas that obeys the formula pV/T = constant pressure volume temperature
32
Equation of state
pV = nRT pressure x volume = number of moles x universal molar gas constant x temperature pV = NkT N is the number of molecules k is the Boltzmann constant
33
Number of moles (n)
mass / molar mass [g] / [g mol⁻¹] n is the number of moles N is the number of molecules n x NA = moles to molecules N / NA = molecules to moles
34
Pressure of an ideal gas
p = 1/3 (Nm/V) or pV = 1/3 . Nm . = NkT 1/3 . m . = kT Nm is the mass of all the molecules of the gas hence Nm/V is density p = 1/3ρ
35
Boltzmann constant
k = R/Nₐ the gas constant per molecule, a fundamental constant
36
Kinetic energy of a molecule
Ek = 1/2 . m . = 3/2 kT
37
Root-mean-square speed
the square root of the average of the squares of the speeds of all the molecules in a gas cᵣ.ₘ.ₛ = √ = √3KT/m
38
Electric field strength at a point
E = F / Q electric field strength = force on charge / charge the force per unit charge exerted on a stationary positive charge at that point
39
Strength of a uniform field between 2 parallel metal plates
E = ∆V / ∆d E = Fe / q Fe = qV / d electric field strength = change in potential difference / change in distance
40
Newton's universal gravitation law
force between 2 point masses is directly proportional to the product of the 2 masses and inversely proportional to the square of their centre to centre separation Fg = GM1M2/r²
41
Force experienced by a point mass in a G-field
g = G . M/r² = a
42
Gravitational field strength
force per unit mass
43
GPE
work done in bringing the mass from infinity to the position in the gravitational fields ∆GPE = -GMm(1/r1 - 1/r2)
44
Orbital motion
Fc = Fg as centripetal force is provided by gravitational force
45
Orbital speed
Vorbit = √GM/r T² = 4π²/GM . r³ T1²/r1³ = T2²/r2³
46
Total energy in orbital motion
-1/2 GMm/r
47
Escape speed
Vescape = √2GM/r = √2gr r = 2kQq/mv²
48
Electric field definition
a region of space where electric charges experience a force
49
Speed formula combined from electric and gravitation
v = √2g∆s v = √2qV/m
50
Millikan's experiment formulas
Fn = Fe a = mg = qE a = qV/md q = mgd/V = ne
51
Electric potential energy formula
Work required to bring a point charge from infinity to a point repulsive, EPE > 0 attractive, EPE < 0 EPE = Fe x r k = Qq/r² . r EPE = k . Qq/r² Fe = k . Q1Q2/r k = 1/4 . π ε₀ ε₀ is the permittivity of a vacuum
52
Electric field strength definition
force per unit positive charge acting on a point E = F/q V = kQ/r ∆V = kQ(1/r1 - 1/r2)
53
Capacitance
c = Q/V
54
Capacitors in parallel
C tot = C1 + C2 ...
55
Capacitors in series
C tot = 1/C1 + 1/C2 ... ⁻¹
56
Dielectric formula
c = ε₀εᵣ . A/d
57
Permittivity formulas
c = R/k = 4πε₀R
58
Arc length
rθ
59
Energy stored in capacitor
W = Q²/2C = 1/2cV² = 1/2QV
60
Grav and electric field formulas together
Force Fg = GMm/r² Fe = kQq/r² Work done (Potential energy) E = GMm/r E = kQq/r Field strength/force felt g = GM/r² E = kQ/r² (electric field strength not energy) How much energy needed to move from infinity to point (potential) V = –GM/r (V as in potential) V = –kQ/r g = ∆V/∆r

A2 Physics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions