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WINKS STUDY > Mid Year Additional > Flashcards

Mid Year Additional Flashcards

1
Q

AIIMS/IMS means what?

A

Australian Inter-service Incident Management System
Incident Management System

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2
Q

Purpose of AIIMS/IMS

A

Manage Incident from start to finish

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3
Q

Functional Management of AIIMS

Control
Planning
Logistics
Operation
Public information

A

Control. Management of all activities required to resolve incident.
Planning. Development of objectives strategies and plans to resolve incident based on collected info.
Logistics. Acquire resources facilities service and materials to resolve incident.
Operations. Apply and task the acquired resources to resolve incident.
Public Infromation. Warnings info and advice to public to affected communities.

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4
Q

What does SMART stand for

A

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time Framed

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5
Q

Explain what Geographical Sectors are.

A

Sector 1 Front of building
Sector 2 LHS of building
Sector 3 Rear of building
Sector 4 RHS of building

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6
Q

Occ Hazrads
LPG what is it?

A

Liquified Petroleum Gas

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7
Q

Occ Hazards
If powered by LPG what does the vehicle need on the number plate?

A

1 red diamond if powered by 1 cylinder
2 red diamonds if powered by 2 cylinders

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8
Q

Occ Hazards
Vehicles converted to LPG on or after 1993 need what?

A

Acceptable LPG compliance plate as required by as1425

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9
Q

Occ Hazards
Requirements of LPG storage containers

A

Filling capacity of containers is 80% to allow for expansion caused by increase in temperature. LPG containers are fitted with pressure relief valves. Domestic cylinders 1.75MPa. Automotive cylinders 2.55MPa

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10
Q

Occ Hazards
What is natural Gas?

A

Derrived from decomposed plant and animal material that been trapped underground. Extracted by drilling its used for heating, cooking, lighting and industrial purposes.

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11
Q

Occ Hazards
Natural Gas Characteristics

A

85%-95% methane
Colourless & odourless (odorant added)
Vapour density = 0.55 (Air = 1)
LEL = 5%
UEL = 15%

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12
Q

Occ Hazards
What is a BLEVE

A

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion
Allows tank to vent pressure when being heated

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13
Q

Occ Hazards
What is a BUND

A

Bunds are walls surrounding flammable liquid tanks designed to contain spills if it should occur.

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14
Q

Occ Hazards
Can firefighters go inside a BUND

A

NO

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15
Q

Occ Hazards
What is the most common type of tank fire?

A

RIM fire is most common with tank that have floating roof. Can be caused by lightning. Cool water must be applied to outside of tank. Excessive water on roof could cause roof to sink resulting in full surface fire.

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16
Q

Occ Hazards
Name the two types of foam delivery systems

A

Foam Pourers
Monitors

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17
Q

Fire Dynamics
Exothermic

Endothermic

A

Exothermic is when heat is given off as a result of the reaction. eg combustion of wood.
Endothermic reaction absorbs heat to make surroundings cooler. eg ice melting

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18
Q

Fire Dynamics
Heat is the measure of what?

A

Energy

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19
Q

Fire dynamics
What 4 ways can heat be transferred?

A

Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Direct Burning

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20
Q

Fire Dynamics
Define Convection

A

Transfer of heat through liquid or gas resulting in the displaced cooler air being drawn into the fire as the heat rises

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21
Q

Fire Dynamics
Define Conduction

A

When a heat source is in direct contact with a material it transfers energy directly into it

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22
Q

Fire Dynamics
Define Radiation

A

Energy is emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves which travel through the air

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23
Q

Fire Dynamics
What is a major factor in fire growth?

A

RADIATION

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24
Q

Fire Dynamics
Heat Transfer deteriorates conditions within a structure by what?

A

Increasing fire intensity
Increasing heat
Increasing fire gases and fire gas temps
Reducing visibility
Reducing survival chances of all persons
Compromising fire fighter safety

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25
Q

Fire Dynamics
What is the expansion rate of steam

A

1:1700 at 100C
1:3500 at 450C

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26
Q

TIC
Limitations of a TIC

A

Reflections
Depth perception
Stairs
Glass

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27
Q

TIC
What is thermal Inversion

A

A thermal representation of an object the changes from one shade to another by introducing a heat source in the background.

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28
Q

TIC
What does the green square with a green triangle inside it mean on a TIC screen?

A

It appears when 10% of the display has heat in excess of 130C

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29
Q

Elements Of Fire Behaviour EOFB
what are trhe 4 stages of a compartment fire

A

Developing stage
Flashover stage
Fully developed stage
Decay stage

30
Q

EOFB
Define Flashover stage

A

The sudden and sustained transition from developing to fully developed

31
Q

EOFB
Define Neutral pressure plane

A

NPP is the interface of the over pressure and under pressure regions

32
Q

EOFB
Signs of a flashover include

A

Adequate Ventilation
Painful radiant heat
Lowering Neutral plane
Hot surfaces
increased rate of pyrolysis
increased turbulence of the NP
Flaming occurs throughout the compartment
A billowing effect from gases may be seen

33
Q

EOFB
Back draught

A

Back draught results from a severely under ventilated fire that is depleted of adequate air

34
Q

EOFB
Indicators of Back draught are?

A

History of fire
Fire with limited of no ventilation
Lack of visible flame
Thick rolling black yellow white smoke
Dirty brown smoke
Smoke pulsating through small gaps
Air being drawn in(whistle)
Heavy sooting. blackening of the windows
low NP

35
Q

EOFB
Fire gas ignition?

A

The formation of variable sized flammable fire gases may occur within the confines of a building. Fire gases may be ignited by sparks or embers blown into them. A fire gas ignition is an event that occurs in a separate compartment

36
Q

EOFB
Advantages of using water on a fire

A

Reduces fuel
Reduces Heat
Reduces oxygen(displaces)

37
Q

EOFB
Gas Cooling?

A

Pulses of water into the hot fire gases to cool them below their auto ignition temp to prevent further spread of fire

38
Q

EOFB
Gas cooling: Short pulse

A

Branch setting is wide spray
Branch cracked then shut immediately
Each pulse directed in different area

39
Q

EOFB
Gas cooling: Long pulse

A

Branch medium spray
Use Longer pulse depending on penetration
Aim pulse directly in over pressure area
Large rm, aim at roof & wall junction

40
Q

EOFB
what is pyrolysis

A

Decomposition of a substance through the application of heat

41
Q

EOFB
What is Flashover

A

The sudden and sustained transition from developing fire to fully developed

42
Q

EOFB
Direct Attack

A

Applying Extinguishing method directly onto the burning fuel, using jet/spray

43
Q

EOFB
Indirect attack

A

Spraying water onto super-heated surfaces and or fire gases in a compartment to create a mass of steam that displaces the O2 and smothers the fire

44
Q

Safe operation around water
Dry Rescue

A

Throw a throw bag from a dry stable position

45
Q

Safe operation around water
What is the defensive swimming position?

A

Float on back facing downstream with feet close to surface. Feet can fend obstacles and patient can see ahead

46
Q

Safe operation around water
If you fall into the water what should you do?

A

Don’t panic. life jacket will deploy within 5 seconds. Raise alarm by yelling/ waving
Move into defensive swimming position

47
Q

DEBRiS
What does DEBRiS Stand for

A

Decontamination of FFs
Entry/Exit of hot zones
BA Service area
Rehab/AV monitoring of FFs
incident Accountability of all personnel
Staging area of FFs and Appliances

48
Q

DEBRiS
Why use DEBRiS

A

We use DEBRiS to enhance FF safety and accountability. The adoption of an orderly process driven approach will support processes already used on the fire ground.

49
Q

DEBRiS
Doffing a Flash hood

A
  1. Place 2 hands under the inside of the hood at the back of the head.
  2. move hands up to start removing hood up and over the head. Ensure outside of hood stays away from skin
50
Q

BA
what does PACT stand for

A

PPE/PPC
Air
Communication’s
Tally Tag/Task

51
Q

BA
what are 8 of the 12 expectations of a FF when using BA

A
    1. Work in a Team of at least 2
  2. E. Evacuation alarm sounds-Withdraw
    immediately
  3. B. BA Don in fresh air.
  4. R. Radio Select the designated fireground
    channel on radio
  5. A. Air check /Time check periodically
  6. T. Enter correct details on tally tag
  7. T. Deposit tally tag at BA entry prior to
    entering building
  8. T. Collect tally tag on exit of building
52
Q

Seach & Rescue
Rescue order of priority

A
  1. Occupants most severely threatened
  2. The largest group
  3. The remaining occupants in building
  4. The occupants in exposed areas
53
Q

Search & Rescue
What Is a Primary search?

A

A rapid but thorough search of all areas which can be entered safely to find and remove occupants to safety. Emphasis on speed but not at the expense of thoroughness

54
Q

Search & Rescue
What is a Secondary search?

A

Occurs once the situation is under control & the fire has been contained. A way to account for all occupants emphasising on thoroughness.

55
Q

Search & Rescue
Working in a smoke filled, dark & hot environment. What precautions should you take.

A
  1. Work in pairs
  2. Mark any unsafe areas
  3. Progress on hands and knees
  4. Shout fire brigade continuously
  5. Don’t move up n down too quickly
56
Q

Search & Rescue
If you become disorientated or lost what should you do?>

A
  1. Sound BA distress signal
  2. Operate personal radio distress button
  3. Move away from source of danger
  4. Move to an exit if you can find one
  5. If possible, move down building, not up
  6. Close doors behind you.
  7. Use radio & contact incident controller
  8. Locate hose line & follow to safety
57
Q

Search & Rescue
List 5 hazards you could find in a dark smoke filled environment?

A
  1. Smoke
  2. Voids
  3. Electricity SVEGS
  4. Glass
  5. Syringes
58
Q

Search & Rescue
What are the methods of rescue without equipment?

A

Piggyback
Backward drag.
Human crutch
Fore and aft carry
2 handed seat
3 handed seat
4 handed seat

59
Q

Methods of Entry
List 5 Actions you should take when braking a glass window

A
  1. Use the flat part of the axe or other appropriate tool
  2. Give a sharp but not hard blow to the top corner area of the pane of glass
  3. Drive the glass into the room and not into those working below
  4. Keep hand higher than the head of the axe to prevent pieces of glass slipping along the handle, causing cuts
  5. Take all the glass out of the frame
60
Q

Asbestos
What are the 3 main types of Asbestos fibre used in Australia

A
  1. Chrysotile (White)
  2. Crocidolite (Blue)
  3. Amosite (Brown)
61
Q

Asbestos
When was Asbestos banned in Australia

62
Q

Asbestos
What is Friable asbestos

A

If it can be crumbled, Pulverised, or reduced into powder when dry

63
Q

Asbestos
What are risks of Asbestos

A

If it is Inhaled

64
Q

Asbestos
2 main theories of how asbestos can cause disease

A

Threshold theory:
Received high doses over long periods
One fibre theory:
1 Fibre can cause disease

65
Q

Asbestos
The likelihood of being affected by asbestos is determined by the 3 Ds. What are they?

A

Dose (intensity)
Dimension of Fibre
Durability

66
Q

Asbestos
How can you protect against asbestos inhalation?

A

P2 face mask

67
Q

Asbestos
Onset of asbestos related symptoms can be how many years

A

10-45 years

68
Q

Asbestos
How can fire affect asbestos

A

It can turn non friable asbestos into friable asbestos

69
Q

Extinguishers
List 3 thing water does as an extinguishing agent?

A

Reduce fuel
Reduce heat
Reduce O2

70
Q

Extinguishers
List 4 ways FF foam works to extinguish a fire

A

Cools
Smother
Suppress
Separates

71
Q

Extinguishers
Safety considerations working with high expansion foam

A

BA must work
Toxic gases may be trapped
Guidelines must be used
It is a weak conductor of electricity

72
Q

Extinguishers
What is used in dry chem extinguishers

A

Mono Ammonium phosphate ABE

WINKS STUDY (13 decks)

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