Mid-unit Roman Empire Flashcards
Romulus
first Etruscan king, killed his twin Remus
Etruscans
first inhabitants
conquered Rome - 600 BCE
first king - Romulus
last king - Tarquin the Proud
influence: alphabet, numerals, sports, politics
Roman Legion
5000 soldiers
1 century - 80 soldiers
1 cohort - 6 centuries
Roman republic
SPQR - Senate and people of Rome
patricians
aristocracy
Plebeians
common people
Senate
made of 300 men
controlled foreign + domestic policies
“council of elders”
advised consuls
consuls
commander in chief of Roman Army
propose new laws and present resolution
questors
2 in charge of military + treasury
record keeping
tribunes
“the Plebian class”
protect lives and property proposed legislations for assembly
the Punic Wars
Rome vs Carthage 264-146 BC
1st Punic War
conflict in Sicily
at sea between Carthage and Rome ships
Rome wins, Carthage pays - becomes most powerful in mediterranean
2nd Punic War
218 BC
Carthage claims land in Spain - ally of Rome
Hannibal invades Rome from the North through alps
defeats Roman army at Canae - continues for 15 years
war ends when Romes general Scipio army attack Carthage - Hannibal is defeated 202 BC Zama
3rd Punic war
50 years later Carthage expands empire (breaks treaty with Rome)
Rome wipes out Carthaginian populations
Carthage is destroyed and salted
Tiberius and Gracchus
tribunes by Plebeian class
provide land and grain to the poor
assassinated
End of Roman Republic
Leaders were greedy, poor people wanted more rights
Gracchus brothers try to help poor (they die)
lack of control over Romes new wealth
military reforms lead to increase power for Roman Generals
First Triumvirate
alliance of Caesar, Pompey, Crassus (60 BC- 53 BC)
Caesar: popular
Crassus: great wealth
Pompey: Great leader
Crassus is killed in Parthia by Pompey
Pompey becomes jealous of Caesars success in Gaul and tells Caesar to return home
Caesar denies request and passes Rubicon and is seen as a Hero and invades Rome
Caesar kills Pompey in Egypt
Caesar expands empire
Julius Caesar
Brutus and Cassius conspired to save republic from caesars power
Caesar is stabbed 23 times by closest friends
Second Triumvirate
Alliance of Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus 43 BCE
Marc wants to gain power
executed 2000i enemies in Rome
Lepidus and Octavian fight; Octavian wins
Marc Antony creates empire in Egypt so Octavian fights Antony and wins (Battle of Actium)
Octavian becomes first Roman Emperor
Octavian (Augustus Caesar)
beats Antony in Actium
first Roman Emperor
Rome at its peak power
peace restored (Pantheon built)
Created Praetorian Guard
granted citizenships
introduced tax system
established civil service
beautified Rome
encouraged Religion
dies in 14 A.D.
Rise and fall of the Roman Republic
rise: resulted from discontent of tyrannical Etruscan monarchy
fall: gap between rich and poor, no control, social uprising, military reforms
importance of Julius Caesar
PCDCFCCE
populist
conquers: Egypt, Syria Africa, Spain
“dictator for life”
creates Julian calendar
fair taxation to lower class
citizenships extended
crossed Rubicon into Rome, against Pompey and won
end Roman Republic; gains more power than the senate and gets assassinated by friends and Senate
Roman Emperors after Octavian
Nero; watched as fire burnt Rome, murderer, last of Julio-Claudians
Vespasian: sacked Jerusalem 70 CE
Titus: Coliseum, “light of the world”
Trajan: first non-Italian emperor, extended empire to its greatest extent
Hadrian: rebuilt the Pantheon
Antoninus: end of Roman peace
Marcus Aurelius: son took over after death
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Commodus: decline of Roman Empire
Rise of Christianity
Constantine sees vision at Battle of Milvian bridge
Constantine passed the Edict of Milan in 313 CE: Christians were free from persecution
Conquered Judea in 63 BC: Hebrews did not respect Roman Religion
Apostle Paul spread works of Jesus and Christianity
Roman emperors persecuted Jews and Christians
In 395 AD; emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the empire
