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History 11 > Mid-unit Roman Empire > Flashcards

Mid-unit Roman Empire Flashcards

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1
Q

Romulus

A

first Etruscan king, killed his twin Remus

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2
Q

Etruscans

A

first inhabitants
conquered Rome - 600 BCE
first king - Romulus
last king - Tarquin the Proud
influence: alphabet, numerals, sports, politics

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3
Q

Roman Legion

A

5000 soldiers
1 century - 80 soldiers
1 cohort - 6 centuries

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4
Q

Roman republic

A

SPQR - Senate and people of Rome

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5
Q

patricians

A

aristocracy

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6
Q

Plebeians

A

common people

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7
Q

Senate

A

made of 300 men
controlled foreign + domestic policies
“council of elders”
advised consuls

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8
Q

consuls

A

commander in chief of Roman Army
propose new laws and present resolution

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9
Q

questors

A

2 in charge of military + treasury
record keeping

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10
Q

tribunes

A

“the Plebian class”
protect lives and property proposed legislations for assembly

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11
Q

the Punic Wars

A

Rome vs Carthage 264-146 BC

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12
Q

1st Punic War

A

conflict in Sicily
at sea between Carthage and Rome ships
Rome wins, Carthage pays - becomes most powerful in mediterranean

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13
Q

2nd Punic War

A

218 BC
Carthage claims land in Spain - ally of Rome
Hannibal invades Rome from the North through alps
defeats Roman army at Canae - continues for 15 years
war ends when Romes general Scipio army attack Carthage - Hannibal is defeated 202 BC Zama

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14
Q

3rd Punic war

A

50 years later Carthage expands empire (breaks treaty with Rome)
Rome wipes out Carthaginian populations
Carthage is destroyed and salted

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15
Q

Tiberius and Gracchus

A

tribunes by Plebeian class
provide land and grain to the poor
assassinated

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16
Q

End of Roman Republic

A

Leaders were greedy, poor people wanted more rights
Gracchus brothers try to help poor (they die)
lack of control over Romes new wealth
military reforms lead to increase power for Roman Generals

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17
Q

First Triumvirate

A

alliance of Caesar, Pompey, Crassus (60 BC- 53 BC)
Caesar: popular
Crassus: great wealth
Pompey: Great leader

Crassus is killed in Parthia by Pompey
Pompey becomes jealous of Caesars success in Gaul and tells Caesar to return home
Caesar denies request and passes Rubicon and is seen as a Hero and invades Rome
Caesar kills Pompey in Egypt
Caesar expands empire

18
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Brutus and Cassius conspired to save republic from caesars power
Caesar is stabbed 23 times by closest friends

19
Q

Second Triumvirate

A

Alliance of Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus 43 BCE
Marc wants to gain power
executed 2000i enemies in Rome
Lepidus and Octavian fight; Octavian wins
Marc Antony creates empire in Egypt so Octavian fights Antony and wins (Battle of Actium)
Octavian becomes first Roman Emperor

20
Q

Octavian (Augustus Caesar)

A

beats Antony in Actium
first Roman Emperor
Rome at its peak power
peace restored (Pantheon built)
Created Praetorian Guard
granted citizenships
introduced tax system
established civil service
beautified Rome
encouraged Religion
dies in 14 A.D.

21
Q

Rise and fall of the Roman Republic

A

rise: resulted from discontent of tyrannical Etruscan monarchy
fall: gap between rich and poor, no control, social uprising, military reforms

22
Q

importance of Julius Caesar

A

PCDCFCCE
populist
conquers: Egypt, Syria Africa, Spain
“dictator for life”
creates Julian calendar
fair taxation to lower class
citizenships extended
crossed Rubicon into Rome, against Pompey and won
end Roman Republic; gains more power than the senate and gets assassinated by friends and Senate

23
Q

Roman Emperors after Octavian

A

Nero; watched as fire burnt Rome, murderer, last of Julio-Claudians
Vespasian: sacked Jerusalem 70 CE
Titus: Coliseum, “light of the world”
Trajan: first non-Italian emperor, extended empire to its greatest extent
Hadrian: rebuilt the Pantheon
Antoninus: end of Roman peace
Marcus Aurelius: son took over after death
\/
Commodus: decline of Roman Empire

24
Q

Rise of Christianity

A

Constantine sees vision at Battle of Milvian bridge
Constantine passed the Edict of Milan in 313 CE: Christians were free from persecution
Conquered Judea in 63 BC: Hebrews did not respect Roman Religion
Apostle Paul spread works of Jesus and Christianity
Roman emperors persecuted Jews and Christians
In 395 AD; emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the empire

25
Q

Roman entertainment and architecture

A

Hadrians wall
Roman aqueducts
Pantheon
Thermal baths
Colosseum
Circus
Gladiator fights
Chariot races

26
Q

fall of Roman Empire

A

Diocletian:
Divided Roman Empire into 2
Dismantle Christian churches and burned holy scriptures
5th century: barbarians invade and conquer
410 CE: Visigoths sack Rome
453: Atilla the Hun
455 CE: Vandals sack Rome
476 CE: German Barbarian Odoacer ends emperor lineage
Other reasons for the fall:
Reliance on colonies for raw materials
Decline of farming and prestige of army
High inflation and taxes
Dependance on slavery
Insecurity of emperors
Rise of Christianity
barbarians

27
Q

Legacy of Rome

A

Republic government
Roman law
Latin language
Roman Catholic Church
City planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman engineering; aqueducts, sewage systems, dams, cement, roads

28
Q

jupiter

A

God of Sky, Patron of RomeJ

29
Q

Juno

A

God of Marriage, queen

30
Q

Neptune

A

God of Sea

31
Q

Minerva

A

God of Wisdom and Learning, owl

32
Q

Mars

A

God of War

33
Q

Venus

A

God of Love

34
Q

Vulcan

A

God of Fire, craftsmanship

35
Q

Apollo

A

God of Music, light

36
Q

Diana

A

God of Hunting, moon, children

37
Q

Mercury

A

Messenger God

38
Q

Ceres

A

agriculture

39
Q

saturn

A

time, agriculture, wealth

40
Q

Bacchus

A

God of wine, law

41
Q

Pluto

A

God of Underworld

History 11 (1 decks)

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