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Nutrition for Well-Being > Mid Terms Test > Flashcards

Mid Terms Test Flashcards

1
Q

Define diet.

A

the kind and amount of food consumed each day

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2
Q

Define nutrients.

A

Molecular substances that are nourishing, and provide nourishment to cell, and therefore every multi-cellular component of an organism

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3
Q

What’s a Kilocalorie?

A

It’s the amount of energy required to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius from 36 to 37 C

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4
Q

How is are humans organized?

A
  1. Molecule
  2. Nutrient
  3. Cell
  4. Tissue
  5. Organ
  6. Organ System
  7. Organism
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5
Q

Define Food.

A

Anything that nourishes the body

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6
Q

Define Nourish.

A

To keep alive

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7
Q

What is the difference between caloric density and nutrient density?

A

Caloric Density is a measurement of the average calories per weight (gram or ounce) of that food. By choosing foods that have a low calorie density you can eat more food and feel full on less calories.

Nutrient Density is the amount of nutrients provided relative to the number of Calories. Foods with high nutrient density are nutritious.

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8
Q

What’s the difference between Marconutrients and Micronutrients?

A

Macronutrients are energy providing nutrients, such as Carbs, Fats, and Proteins.

Micronutrients are non-energy producing nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals

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9
Q

What are the ABC’s of Nutrition?

A

Adequacy: essential nutrients, fiber, and engery(Calories) are present in diet

Balance: Food types complement one another in the diet. Not consuming one nutrient more than another

Calorie Control: An appropriate amount of Calories are eaten to maintain a healthy body weight

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10
Q

Define ATP

A

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate. The ultimate fuel source for the body

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11
Q

Define Moderation

A

diet does not contain an excess of unwanted substances

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12
Q

Define Hunger

A

the physiological need for food. body send signals saying “I’m hungry”

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13
Q

Define Appetite

A

the psychological desire for food. something looks, or smells good so you want to eat it

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14
Q

Define Verity

A

Different foods are used for the same purpose in the diet

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15
Q

Define Satiety

A

the Physiological feedback mechanisms that terminate food intake

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16
Q

What’s a monosaccharide?

A

any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar

17
Q

What’s a polysaccharide?

A

any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharides

18
Q

What are complex carbohydrates?

A

large chains of polysaccharides

19
Q

Types of monosaccharides.

A

alpha-D-Glucose
beta-D-Fructose
beta-D-Galactose

20
Q

Types of disaccharides.

A

alpha-Sucrose
alpha-Maltose
beta-Lactose

21
Q

What’s an AMDR?

A

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

22
Q

What’s the AMDR of Carbs, Sugar, and Fiber?

A

Consume 45-65% of Calories from digestible carbohydrates; ≤ 25% Calories from added sugars; 1.4 grams fiber per 100 Calories consumed.

23
Q

How many amino acids are used to make proteins

A 
There are 20 in total: 
9 essential (body can't make)
11 nonessential (The body can make from nitrogen & carbohydrate intermediates)
24
Q

What are the 9 essential amino acids?

A
  1. Histidine
  2. Isoleucine
  3. Leucine
  4. Lysine
  5. Methionine
  6. Phenylalanine
  7. Threonine
  8. Tryptophan
  9. Valine
25
Q

What are the 11 nonessential amino acids?

A
  1. Alanine
  2. Arginine
  3. Asparagine
  4. Aspartic acid
  5. Cysteine
  6. Glycine
  7. Glutamic acid
  8. Glutamine
  9. Proline
  10. Serine
  11. Tyrosine
26
Q

What are complementary proteins?

A

Low-quality protein sources can be combined in such a way that the essential amino acids that are limiting in one protein are supplied by another protein.

27
Q

What’s a fat?

A

a lipid that can be converted into ATP

28
Q

What are the three categories of lipids?

A
  1. Triglycerides
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Sterols
29
Q

What are the two essential fatty acids?

A
  1. Linoleic Acid

2. Alpha-linolenic Acid

30
Q

What’s the differerence between Vitamins and Minerals?

A

Vitamins are organic and contain the element carbon.

Minerals are inorganic

31
Q

The 17 Minerals

A

Major Minerals: Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Chloride (Cl), Sulfur (S)

Trace Minerals: Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Iodine (I), Selenium (Se), Chromium (Cr), Molybdenum (Mo), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Fluoride (F), Cobalt (Co).

32
Q

The 14 vitamins

A

Vitamin A - retinol

  • Vitamin Bp - choline
  • Vitamin B1 - thiamin
  • Vitamin B2 - riboflavin
  • Vitamin B3 - niacin
  • Vitamin B5 - pantothenic acid
  • Vitamin B6 - pyridoxine
  • Vitamin B7 - biotin
  • Vitamin B9 - folic acid
  • Vitamin B12 - cobalamin
  • Vitamin C - ascorbic acid
  • Vitamin D - calciferol
  • Vitamin E - tocopherol
  • Vitamin K - naphthoquinoids

Nutrition for Well-Being (1 decks)

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