mid terms

Question 1

biology

Answer 1

the study of life

Question 2

scientific method

Answer 2

1.) make observation
2.) aska question
3.) preform research
4.) create hypothesis
5.) test hypothesis in controlled experiment
6.) analyze and draw a conclusion
7.) present your findings

Question 3

quantitative data

Answer 3

do with numbers
-easily measured

Question 4

qualitative data

Answer 4

texture and color
- descriptive

Question 5

SI units/ metic system

Answer 5

kilo, heca, deca, base (meters, liters, grams), deci, centi, milli

Question 6

metric system vs. English system

Answer 6

metric system-
-is the international system of unit
-universal
- consistent
- units of 10s
English system- is pounds, tons, cups, feet, yards, etc… only used in the USA

Question 7

metric conversions both ways

2.3mm

Answer 7

kilo=.000023
heca=.00023
deca=.0023
deci=.023
centi=.23
milli=2.3

Question 8

observation vs. inference

Answer 8

observations use the senses to gather information ex. it’s hot outside today)
inference is created based on data and observation (ex. the sun it out today so it must be hot)

Question 9

hypothesis

Answer 9

possible explanation for a set of observations and is tested through a controlled experiment

Question 10

control vs. experimental groups

Answer 10

control- exposed to all of the same conditions as the experimental group except for the independent variable
-only changes one variable
experimental- exposed to same conditions plus independent variable

Question 11

independent variable

Answer 11

what we are purposeful changing

Question 12

dependent variable

Answer 12

one being observed and changes in response to the independent variable

Question 13

variables vs. constants

Answer 13

variables- independent and dependent
constants- a factor that remains the same across all groups

Question 14

conclusion

Answer 14

the summary of what you did

Question 15

graphing data

Answer 15

study the worksheet

Question 16

placement of independent and dependent variables on a graph

Answer 16

on back of study sheet
independent on bottom
dependent on the side

Question 17

homeostasis

Answer 17

keeping stable internal conditions
-steady temp and body conditions
_hot= sweat
- cold= shiver

Question 18

evolution/ adaption

Answer 18

occurs over multiple generations
ex: Darwin’s finches (shape of the birds beak/ bill)

Question 19

metabolism

Answer 19

how we make energy

Question 20

characteristics of all living things

Answer 20

1.) maintain homeostasis- (shivering when cold)
2.) adapt and evolve over time- (over many generations)
3.) growing & development- (over 1 life time)
4.) organization- (atom, to molecules, to organelles, to cells, to tissues, to organ, to organ system, to all living things)
5.)cells- ( all living things have cells)
6.) genetic material- weather its like a prokaryotic cell where its everywhere or tucked into a nucleus
7.) requires energy- how we change our food into useable energy we are heterotrophs plants are autotophs because the plants get their energy from photosynthesis.
8.) reproduction- (having a child)
9.)respond to stimuli- (getting punched you would try to move or feel the pain afterwards) (birds move to the south because they need food and don’t have food when it’s cold or a dog shedding with its winter coat and summer coat)

Question 21

levels of organization in biology

Answer 21

atom to molecules to organelles to cell to tissue to organ to organ system to a living thing

Question 22

parts and charge of an atom

Answer 22

protons = possitive. found in the nucleus
neutrons = no charge. found in the nucleus
electrons = negative. orbits the surrounding nucleus/ in energy level

Question 23

determine the number of p, n.e of a neutral atom or ion

Answer 23

on study sheet

Question 24

energy levels of an atom

Answer 24

3 p=3
Li 7-3=4 e=3
6.907 n= 4

Question 25

how to diagram and atom

Answer 25

the circle with protons and neutrons inside and electrons on the outer rings.

Question 26

isotopes vs. ion

Answer 26

ions- elements that have a charge (Be+) needs a charge (different # of electron than the neutral atom.) anion= negative charge cation= positive charge isotopes- same element different # of neutrons which means it will also have a different mass Al Al 27 28

Question 27

types of bonds?

Answer 27

covalent- share electrons ionic- give and receive electrons/ transferring electrons

Question 28

types of ions: anion [-] vs. cation [+]

Answer 28

anion- electron is gained cation- electron is given away

Question 29

pH

Answer 29

a scale to show if the item would be acidic or basic.

Question 30

acid/base

Answer 30

anything above 7 is basic anything below 7 is an acid.

Question 31

enzymes

Answer 31

- catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy - mostly proteins - usually end with an -ase like sucrase - highly specifics - not the recants - don't get used up

Question 32

activation energy

Answer 32

means- the amount of energy required to get the reaction going/ started * like hot hands packages or a match graph on front of study paper

Question 33

anion

Answer 33

electron is gained

Question 34

cation

Answer 34

electron is given away

Question 35

prokaryotes vs. Eucaryotes

Answer 35

prokaryotes= -very basic - no membrane closing their DNA - oldest form of life ex: bacteria eukaryotes= - cells have nucleus to hold DNA _ cells have membranes around all other organelles - plant, animals, fungi, people, protists (algae)

Question 36

organelles

Answer 36

small parts in a cell that work together for the cell to work.

Question 37

functions of all organelles

Answer 37

answer the question do you know what all the parts do like E.R. and lysosomes.

Question 38

lysosomes

Answer 38

have digestive enzymes that breaks down food molecules and old cell parts - garbage disposal - goats (the animal because it eat everything) -referred to a "suicide sac" of the cell break down lipids and proteins

Question 39

mitochondria

Answer 39

-power house of the cell (like a red bull) - releases energy from food molecules and converts to useable form - cells that use a lot of energy have a lot of mitochondria (muscle cell)

Question 40

nucleus

Answer 40

-the control center of the cell -contains our genetic info (chromosomes) -surrounded by nuclear membrane -has the nucleolus and chromosomes in it nucleolus -makes ribosomes chromosomes -contain the genes -only seen during cell division

Question 41

ribsomes

Answer 41

- make proteins - found on the rough ER and cytoplasm - made in the nucleolus - made of RNA (genetic material)

Question 42

gogli apparatus/ gogli bodies

Answer 42

- packages products for secretion from the cell - adds a molecule maker that tells the item where to go - amazon distribution center of the cell

Question 43

endoplasmic reticulum: smooth vs. Rough

Answer 43

network of membranes the specilizes in mkaing lipids and moving them to their final desination -cell subway system rough E.R.- has ribosomes on it smooth E.R.- doesn't have ribosomes on it

Question 44

chloroplast

Answer 44

- only found in plant cells and algae - where photosynthesis occurs - hold chlorophyll (which gives a plant the color and absorbs the light)

Question 45

cytoskeleton/ microtubes

Answer 45

- main component of cytoplasm - gives the cell it's shape - underground network of microtubules, fiber, & filaments

Question 46

vacuole

Answer 46

-storage unit of the cell -contains enzymes, nutrients, &waste products - regulate water content in cells - large central vacuole in plant cells - small in animal cells

Question 47

difference between plant and animal cells

Answer 47

only animal cells have- centrioles only plant cells have- chloroplast, and cell wall

Question 48

cell membrane definition and function

Answer 48

selectively permeable membrane -phospholipid bilayer surrounds/ encloses the cell -regulates what goes in/out of the cell - allows nutrients, water, oxygen - doesn't allow waster & toxins

Question 49

cellular scientists

Answer 49

Robert hook- first person to observe and ID cells Matthias Scheiden- all plants have cells Theodore Schwann- all animal have cells Rudolph Virchow- all cell come from existing cells

Question 50

metric conversions 0.23768kg

Answer 50

kilo=0.23768 heca=2.3768 deca=23.768 base=237.68 deci=2376.8 centi=23768 milli=237,680

Question 51

what are the three types of microscopes?

Answer 51

1.) compound light 2.) transmission electrons 3.) scanning electrons

Question 52

properties of water

Answer 52

1.) polar molecule because it has opposite charges within the same molecule (H= +)(O= -) 2.) cohesive/ cohesion= water sticks easily to other water molecules. 3.) adhesion- attraction of molecules to-molecules of another-kind -with cohesion and addhesion thats how a plant gets it water because the pant can suck the water up the stem. 4.) universal solvent- water dissolves most things but NOT fats and oils/ lipids 5.) less dense as a solid which allows ice to float 6.) high specific heat capacity - take a bug change in air to change water temp.